Crecimiento económico: convergencia y divergencia

Villalobos Céspedes, Daniel; Villalobos Céspedes, Daniel

doi:10.15359/eys.24-55.3

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Economía y Sociedad

On-line version ISSN 2215-3403Print version ISSN 1409-1070

Economía y Sociedad vol.24 n.55 Heredia Jan./Jun. 2019

http://dx.doi.org/10.15359/eys.24-55.3

Artículo

Crecimiento económico: convergencia y divergencia

Economic growth: convergence and divergence

Crescimento econômico: convergência e divergência

Daniel Villalobos Céspedes¹
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9023-2096

^¹Economista, politólogo, catedrático en Universidad de Costa Rica (UCR) y Universidad Nacional (UNA), Costa Rica. Correo electrónico: daniel.villalobos.cespedes@una.ac.cr ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9023-2096

Resumen

Esta investigación examina las Leyes fundamentales del capitalismo según Piketty en “Capital in the Twenty-First Century” (2014) para develar el poder explicativo de la desigualdad entre la tasa media anual de retorno del capital y la tasa de crecimiento de la producción, como fuerza fundamental para la divergencia. Se cuestiona el supuesto crítico del autor tal que r > g y se duda de sus conclusiones, para afirmar que la convergencia-divergencia es un fenómeno innato de los procesos de producción y distribución. El análisis sugiere que el núcleo de la inequidad podría no residir en la elasticidad-de-composición de los recursos, con influjo del avance tecnológico. Además, pretende esta investigación contribuir a una mejor comprensión de las fuerzas con influjo en el crecimiento económico y en la distribución del ingreso, lo cual podría brindar un importante aporte a la ciencia económica.

Palabras clave: Piketty; leyes del capitalismo; retorno; salario

Abstract

Piketty’s fundamental laws of capitalism in his book “Capital in the Twenty- First Century” (2014) are analyzed to explore the explanatory power of the inequality between average annual rate of return on capital and the rate of growth of production, as a fundamental force for divergence. The author’s r > g crucial assumption and his conclusions are questioned. The convergence-divergence phenomenon is rather believed to be an innate phenomenon of the production and distribution processes. This analysis suggests that the core of inequality may not reside in the elasticity-ofresource- composition, influenced by technological advance. Furthermore, this research will try to contribute to a better understanding of the forces influenced by economic growth and income distribution, which could provide a major contribution to the economic sciences.

Keywords: Piketty; laws of capitalism; return; wage

Resumo

Esta pesquisa examina as Leis Fundamentais do capitalismo segundo Piketty em “Capital in the Twenty-First Century” (2014) para revelar o poder explicativo da desigualdade entre a taxa média anual de retorno do capital e a taxa de crescimento da produção, como força fundamental para a divergência. O suposto crítico do autor é questionado de tal forma que r > g e suas conclusões são duvidadas, para afirmar que a convergênciadivergência é um fenômeno inato dos processos de produção e distribuição. A análise sugere que o núcleo da desigualdade poderia não residir na elasticidade da composição dos recursos, influenciada pelo progresso tecnológico. Além disso, esta pesquisa visa contribuir para uma melhor compreensão das forças que influenciam o crescimento econômico e a distribuição de renda, o que poderia fornecer uma contribuição importante para a ciência econômica.

Palavras-chave: Piketty; leis do capitalismo; retorno; salario

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Referencias

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Recibido: 06 de Septiembre de 2018; Aprobado: 12 de Marzo de 2019

Este es un artículo publicado en acceso abierto bajo una licencia Creative Commons