Abstract

CEBALLOS COZ, Sergio. Shadow politics: Freemasonry and secret societies in spain during the Liberal Triennium (1820-1823). REHMLAC [online]. 2023, vol.15, n.2, pp.157-180. ISSN 1659-4223.  http://dx.doi.org/10.15517/rehmlac.v15i2.54808.

The Liberal Triennium (1820-1823) is widely known for being the second constitutional regime in the history of Spain, inaugurated by the triumph of Riego's pronouncement in 1820. In that sense, it is marked by the enormous difficulties that the liberals faced in establishing an alternative state to the absolutist one; a state in which king Ferdinand vii felt both deeply uncomfortable and restrained. In the same way, a long shadow still looms over this political regime, destined to fail after having become a system controlled by the actions of mysterious clandestine societies, including Freemasonry.

Keywords : Spain; Liberal Triennium; Freemasonry; political sociability; secret societies.

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