Introduction.

Climate change has necessitated modifications to production methods in livestock systems. Objective. To review the state of the art on the sperm cryopreservation from livestock species and its potential contribution to sustainable development. Development. Scientific articles published between 2000 and 2024 were reviewed from the Web of Science, Scopus, and ScienceDirect databases. Sperm freezing can be considered a method to optimize animal reproduction. However, during the process, reactive oxygen species formation can be stimulated, promoting membrane lipid peroxidation, which may cause structural and molecular damage compromising sperm functionality and male gamete fertilizing capacity. The success of sperm cryopreservation in livestock species can be improved through the inclusion of extrinsic factors such as antioxidant addition, centrifugation, or freezing method selection. This reproductive biotechnology is associated with artificial insemination, and the combination of these techniques has enabled optimization of livestock system profitability through continuous genetic improvement. Conclusions. The optimization of germplasm cryopreservation in species of zootechnical interest has contributed to increased productivity and efficiency in livestock systems, as well as to species conservation possibilities, which are key factors to achieve sustainability.