Introduction.

Beekeeping in Honduras is an important activity for the livestock sector, threatened by the presence of pests and diseases that affect its development and production. Objective. To determine the parasitic load of Varroa destructor and Vairimorpha (Nosema) spp. associated with hygienic behavior, productivity, and the presence of other pests in Apis mellifera hives in the municipality of Tomalá, Lempira department, Honduras. Materials and Methods. A study was carried out on 57 samples from hives in 19 apiaries to determine the infestation rate of V. destructor. The average infection rate of Vairimorpha spp. was determined using the Cantwell method. Additionally, the association between parasitic loads and productivity, hygienic behavior, and the presence of other pests was determined through a stratified analysis based on whether or not treatment against Varroa spp. was used. Associations were determined using the non-parametric Mann-Whitney U and Kruskal-Wallis tests. Results. The infestation rates for V. destructor in dispersal and larval stages were 3.48 % and 6.82 %, respectively. The use of chemical treatment showed no association with the infestation rate of V. destructor in either larvae or a dults (p≥0.05). The presence of the small hive beetle (SHB) was associated with a higher infestation of V. destructor in larvae (p<0.007) in untreated hives. The infection range of Vairimorpha spp. was classified as very light with 5×104 spores per sample. The Vairimorpha spp. load showed no association with the mentioned variables (p≥0.05). Conclusion. The results indicate that varroosis is a disease of importance in the municipality of Tomalá, Lempira department, Honduras, associated with hygienic behavior and the presence of SHB in the hives. Nosemosis showed a very light infection.