Resumo

BONILLA CABANA, Estefanie; RAMIREZ SANDI, Larisa; ROJAS MASIS, Paulina  e  ZUNIGA ALEMAN, Braulio. Necrotizing enterocolitis. Med. leg. Costa Rica [online]. 2020, vol.37, n.2, pp.63-70. ISSN 2215-5287.

Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is the most common emergency in the neonatal period associated with the digestive system; mainly affecting preterm neonates with very low birth weight. Etiology remains unknown, considered a multifactorial disease, all this related to the immaturity of the gastrointestinal tract, a decreased motility that generates greater permeability in the mucosa and with this facilitates bacterial translocation. Diagnosis is usually very complex and often goes unnoticed on many occasions leading to a significant mortality of up to 30% where its main complication is intestinal perforation and consequent septic shock. Therapeutic options are divided into 2 groups: medical and surgical, both with major complications affecting the development of children with it where the most important from growth and neurodevelopmental alterations to short bowel syndrome and malnutrition.

Palavras-chave : Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC); Preterm; Multifactorial; Gastrointestinal immaturity; Bacterial translocation.

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