<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>2215-3896</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista de Ciencias Ambientales]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Ciencias Ambientales]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>2215-3896</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Nacional]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S2215-38962020000200111</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15359/rca.54-2.6</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Efecto de diferentes fuentes de nitrógeno en la emisión de óxido nitroso en plantaciones de café en Costa Rica]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Effect of Different Nitrogen Sources on the Emission of Nitrous Oxide in Coffee Plantations in Costa Rica]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Montenegro]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Johnny]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Convenio Instituto Nacional de Innovación y Transferencia en Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA) Convenio Instituto Nacional de Innovación y Transferencia en Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA) Instituto Meteorológico Nacional (IMN)]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Costa Rica</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2020</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2020</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>54</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<fpage>111</fpage>
<lpage>130</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S2215-38962020000200111&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S2215-38962020000200111&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S2215-38962020000200111&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen (Introducción): Los sistemas de producción agrícola emiten gases con efecto invernadero, por la aplicación de nitrógeno, para incrementar la producción. (Objetivo): Se cuantificó y comparó la emisión de N2O resultante de aplicar diferentes fuentes de nitrógeno (nitrato de amonio (NH4NO3), nitrato de calcio (CaNO3), urea convencional (CO(NH2)2), y recubierta con polímeros, RP). (Metodología): Se aplicaron 250 kg de nitrógeno ha-1 año-1 de cada fuente a plantaciones de café ubicadas en dos zonas productoras de Costa Rica. La recolección de muestras gaseosas se realizó durante todo un año agrícola, utilizándose la técnica de la cámara estática. Se implementó un diseño de bloques completamente al azar con arreglo en parcelas divididas. (Resultados): El patrón de emisión mostró que, en Naranjo, los mayores eventos se determinaron luego de fertilizar en junio, razón por la cual la emisión fue mayor (P&lt;0.0005) que la determinada en San Marcos de Tarrazú. La emisión anual en Naranjo fue mayor con nitrato de amonio y la menor (P&lt;0.05) con la urea convencional, mientras que en San Marcos de Tarrazú no hubo diferencias importantes. La humedad del suelo, expresada como espacio poroso lleno de agua, no tuvo efectos importantes en la emisión, debido a que en términos promedio fueron inferiores a 60 %. (Conclusiones): Los factores de emisión determinados fueron menores al sugerido por el IPCC, y estuvieron en el rango de 0.25 % a 0.40 % del nitrógeno aplicado. Se demuestra la importancia de realizar este tipo de investigación, para determinar la emisión de GEI de acuerdo con las condiciones propias, donde se desarrollan las actividades agrícolas del trópico.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract (Introduction): Agricultural production systems emit greenhouse gases from the application of nitrogen to increase production. (Objective): To quantify and compare the emission of N2O resulting from the application of different nitrogen sources (ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3), calcium nitrate (CaNO3), conventional urea (CO(NH2)2), and polymer-coated urea (RP). (Methodology): 250 kg of nitrogen ha-1 year-1 was applied to coffee plantations located in two different producing areas of Costa Rica. Gaseous samples were collected during a whole agricultural year using the static camera technique. A completely random block design with a split-plot arrangement was implemented. (Results): The emission pattern showed that, in Naranjo, the largest events were determined after the fertilization carried out in June; the emission in that community was higher (P&lt;0.0005) than the one determined in San Marcos of Tarrazú. The annual emission in Naranjo was higher with ammonium nitrate, and the lowest (P&lt;0.05) with conventional urea; while in San Marcos de Tarrazú, there were no significant differences between nitrogen sources. Soil moisture, expressed as water-filled porous space, had no significant effects on the emission because, on average, it was less than 60 %. (Conclusions): The emission factors determined were lower than that suggested by the IPCC, and were in the range of 0.25% to 0.40% of the applied nitrogen. The importance of conducting this type of research is demonstrated to determine the GHG emission, according to the soil and climatic conditions in which the tropical agricultural activities are developed.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Cambio climático]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[cultivos tropicales]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[fertilización nitrogenada]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[gases efecto invernadero]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[trópico]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Climate change]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[greenhouse gases]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[nitrogen fertilization]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[tropical crops]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[tropic]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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