<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>2215-3411</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Odovtos International Journal of Dental Sciences]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Odovtos]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>2215-3411</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Facultad de Odontología. Universidad de Costa Rica]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S2215-34112025000200099</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15517/ijds.2024.58673</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Alignment efficiency of two archwires in adolescents with moderate to severe crowding]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Eficiencia de alineación de dos arcos en adolescentes con apiñamiento dentalmoderado y severo]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sáenz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ivette]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de Costa Rica Faculty of Dentistry ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Costa Rica</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>08</month>
<year>2025</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>08</month>
<year>2025</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>27</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<fpage>99</fpage>
<lpage>110</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S2215-34112025000200099&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S2215-34112025000200099&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S2215-34112025000200099&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract There is no consensus in clinical orthodontics on which aligning arch wire should be used at the initial stage of treatment. This randomized clinical trial evaluated the efficiency of multistranded Nitinol (Supercable) aligning arch-wire versus a standard arch-wire (Nitinol) in the first stage of orthodontic treatment in adolescents with severe crowding. Forty patients ages 12 to 17 with an Irregularity Index as proposed by Little between 5 to 17 mm were selected. Vinyl polysiloxane impressions (VPS) were taken before treatment (T1) at 6 weeks (T2) and 12 weeks (T3). Roth prescription .022 x .028 Edgewise brackets were bonded using light cure adhesive to the six anterior teeth of each dental arch and bands were placed on all first molars. Subjects were paired by gender and Irregularity Index into two groups of 20 each and assigned either to the control group (Nitinol) or the experimental archwire (Supercable). The predictor variables in this study were the type of archwire, type of dental arch and the time intervals. The outcome variable was the Irregularity Index score. The Irregularity Index was measured using 3D digital study models (e-models) and GeoDigm software from the VPS impressions taken at T1, T2 and T3. The data was analyzed with both a Two and Three-way Analysis of Variance (p&#8804;0.05) to identify differences in the alignment of the maxillary and mandibular teeth and to determine differences between the two archwires. The Two and Three way ANOVA showed that there was a statistically significant difference (p&#8804;0.05) in the alignment capabilities between the maxilla and the mandible. However, there was no evidence of a statistically significant difference (p=0.301) between NiTi and Supercable archwires at any time interval.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen El presente artículo es un estudio clínico randomizado realizado con el objetivo de evaluar la eficiencia de dos arcos de alineación (Supercable y Nitinol) en la primera etapa del tratamiento ortodóntico en una muestra de 40 adolescentes entre los 12 y 17 años. Las variables independientes en este estudio fueron: el tipo de arco utilizado, tipo de arco dental y los intervalos de tiempo con los que se realizaron las mediciones. La variable dependiente fue el puntaje del Índice de Irregularidad de Little. Se realizó un Análisis de Varianza (ANOVA) de dos y tres factores para identificar las diferencias entre el alineamiento del arco maxilar y mandibular y las diferencias entre los dos tipos de cables en los tiempos determinados por la investigación. El Análisis de Varianza demostró que hubo una diferencia estadística significante (p&#8804;0.05) entre la capacidad de alineamiento maxilar y mandibular. Sin embargo, no hubo una diferencia estadística significante (p=0.301) entre los arcos NiTi y Supercable en ninguno de los intervalos de tiempo registrados.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Crowding]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Teeth alignment]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Malocclusion]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Corrective orthodontics]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Orthodontic wires]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Orthodontic treatment]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Apiñamiento]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Alineación dental]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Maloclusión]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Ortodoncia correctiva]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Arcos de ortodoncia]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Tratamiento de ortodoncia]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Montasser]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Keiling]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bourauel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Archwire diameter effect on tooth alignment with different bracket-archwire combinations]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Am J of Orthod]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>149</volume>
<page-range>76-83</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pandis]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Polychronopoulou]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Eliades]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Alleviation of mandibular anterior crowding with copper-nickel-titanium vs nickel-titanium wires : A double-blind randomized control trial]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Am J of Orthod]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<volume>136</volume>
<page-range>152.e1-7</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rucker]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B.K.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kusy]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Elastic properties of alternative versus single-stranded leveling archwires]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Am J of Orthod]]></source>
<year>2002</year>
<volume>122</volume>
<page-range>528-41</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gurgel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kerr]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Powers]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[LeCrone]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Force-deflection properties of superelastic nickel-titanium archwires]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop]]></source>
<year>2001</year>
<volume>120</volume>
<page-range>378-82</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Santoro]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nicolay]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[O.F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cangialosi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T.J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Pseudoelasticity and thermoelasticity of nickel-titanium alloys: A clinically oriented review. Part I: Temperature transitional ranges]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop]]></source>
<year>2001</year>
<volume>119</volume>
<page-range>587-93</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Eliades]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Eliades]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Athanasion]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bradley]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T.G.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Surface characterization of retrieved NiTi orthodontic archwires]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Eur J Orthod]]></source>
<year>2000</year>
<volume>22</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>317-26</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gianelly]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Evidence-based treatment strategies: An ambition for the future]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop]]></source>
<year>2000</year>
<volume>117</volume>
<page-range>543-4</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[O&#8217;Brien]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K.D.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[A Clinical Trial of Aligning AW]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Eur J Orthod]]></source>
<year>1990</year>
<volume>12</volume>
<page-range>380-3</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cobb]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kula]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Phillips]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Proffit]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Efficiency of multi-strand Steel Superelastic NiTi and Ion Implanted NiTi AW for Initial Alignment]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Clinical Orthod Res]]></source>
<year>1998</year>
<volume>114</volume>
<page-range>12-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jones]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Staniford]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Comparison of Superelastic NiTi and Multistranded Stainless Steel wires in Initial Alignment]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Clin Orthod]]></source>
<year>1990</year>
<volume>24</volume>
<numero>10</numero>
<issue>10</issue>
<page-range>611-3</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Berger]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Byloff]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Waram]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Supercable and the Speed System]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Clinical Orthod]]></source>
<year>1998</year>
<volume>32</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>246-53</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Little]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The Irregularity Index: A quantitative score of mandibular anterior alignment]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Am J of Orthod]]></source>
<year>1975</year>
<volume>68</volume>
<numero>5</numero>
<issue>5</issue>
<page-range>554-63</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wilkinson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.V.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Some Metallurgical aspects of Orthodontic Stainless Steel]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Angle Orthod]]></source>
<year>1962</year>
<volume>48</volume>
<page-range>192-206</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lane]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nikolai]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Effects of Stress Relief on the Mechanical Properties of Orthodontic Wire Loops]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Angle Orthod]]></source>
<year>1980</year>
<volume>50</volume>
<page-range>139-45</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Burstone]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Qin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Morton]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.Y.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Chinese NiTi Wire: A new Orthodontic Alloy]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Am J Orthod]]></source>
<year>1985</year>
<volume>87</volume>
<page-range>445-52</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Miura]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mogi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ohura]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The Super- Elastic Property of the Japanese NiTi Alloy Wire for Use in Orthodontics]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop]]></source>
<year>1986</year>
<volume>90</volume>
<page-range>1-10</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kapila]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sachdeva]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Mechanical properties and clinical applications of orthodontic wires]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop]]></source>
<year>1989</year>
<volume>96</volume>
<page-range>100-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kusy]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.P.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Friction between different wire- bracket configurations and materials]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Sem. Orthod]]></source>
<year>1997</year>
<volume>3</volume>
<page-range>166-77</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rock]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W.P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wilson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Forces exerted by orthodontic aligning arch wires]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Br J Orthod]]></source>
<year>1988</year>
<volume>15</volume>
<page-range>255-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Waters]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N.E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Houston]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W.J.B.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Stephens]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.D.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The characterization of arch wires for the initial alignment of irregular teeth.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Am J Orthod.]]></source>
<year>1981</year>
<volume>79</volume>
<page-range>373-89</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B21">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Andreasen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.F.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[A Clinical Trial of alignment of teeth using a 0.019 thermal Nitinol wire with a transition temperature range between 310C and 450C]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Am J Orthod.]]></source>
<year>1980</year>
<volume>78</volume>
<page-range>528-32</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B22">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Richmond]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Shaw]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W.C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Stephens]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.D.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The PAR index, reliability and validity]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Eur J Orthod]]></source>
<year>1992</year>
<volume>14</volume>
<page-range>125-39</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B23">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Evans]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T.J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jones]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Newcombe]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.G.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Clinical comparison and performance perspective of three aligning arch wires]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop]]></source>
<year>1998</year>
<volume>114</volume>
<page-range>32-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
