<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>2215-3411</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Odovtos International Journal of Dental Sciences]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Odovtos]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>2215-3411</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Facultad de Odontología. Universidad de Costa Rica]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S2215-34112023000100120</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15517/ijds.2022.51871</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Prevalence of tooth loss, bleeding on probing and malocclusion as oral disease indicators in Costa Rican male adolescents: a cross sectional study]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Prevalencia de la pérdida de piezas dentales, del sangrado al sondeo y la maloclusión como indicadores de enfermedades orales en adolescentes varones costarricenses: un estudio transversal]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Barahona-Cubillo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Juan Bautista]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rojas-Brenes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Cinthya]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sánchez-Achío]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Tony]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Stradi-Granados]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Sonia]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Barboza-Solís]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Cristina]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de Costa Rica Facultad de Odontología ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Costa Rica</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de Costa Rica Facultad de Odontología ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Costa Rica</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de Costa Rica Facultad de Odontología ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Costa Rica</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af4">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de Costa Rica Facultad de Odontología ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Costa Rica</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af5">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de Costa Rica Facultad de Odontología ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Costa Rica</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>04</month>
<year>2023</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>04</month>
<year>2023</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>25</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<fpage>120</fpage>
<lpage>134</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S2215-34112023000100120&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S2215-34112023000100120&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S2215-34112023000100120&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract The evidence to characterize oral health during adolescence in Costa Rica is limited. This lack of adequate research makes it difficult to develop appropriate health policies for this subgroup of the population. This is particularly important because adolescence is the period during which good health habits must take root in order to foster good physical and cognitive development. This study aims to determine the prevalence of tooth loss, bleeding on probing and malocclusion in Costa Rican male adolescents at the ''Colegio Técnico Profesional San Agustín'' (St. Augustine's Technical High School) located in the province of Cartago. Data was collected from 428 male adolescents aged 12-22 years in a cross-sectional study during 2019. Prevalence of tooth loss was calculated as the number of individuals having lost at least one tooth. The average number of teeth lost by individuals was also recorded. The bleeding on probing was an indicator used as a proxy parameter for monitoring periodontal health where the presence of bleeding on probing and calculus was also recorded. Malocclusion was measured using the Dental Aesthetic Index (DAI). The results showed that the prevalence of tooth loss, bleeding on probing and malocclusion was of 19%, 70.0% and 98%, respectively. It was also found that 81% of the participants had all their teeth, 11% had lost 1 tooth, 8% had lost more than one tooth of which 0.5% had lost more than 5 teeth. Considering a general classification of periodontal problems based on bleeding on probing and presence of calculus, the prevalence of periodontal problems increases to 92%. Regarding the DAI, the category identifying a very severe malocclusion was the most prevalent in the sample (88%). It is alarming the high prevalence of tooth loss, bleeding on probing, and malocclusions in a sample of Costa Rican male adolescents, compared to similar studies in other countries. The overarching conclusion of this study is that oral diseases represent an important health problem that urgently need proper public health action.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen La evidencia para caracterizar la salud bucal durante la adolescencia en Costa Rica es limitada. Esta falta de investigación adecuada dificulta el desarrollo de políticas de salud convenientes para este subgrupo de la población. Esto es particularmente importante porque la adolescencia es el período durante el cual se deben arraigar buenos hábitos de salud para fomentar un buen desarrollo físico y cognitivo. Este estudio tiene como objetivo determinar la prevalencia de pérdida de piezas dentales, sangrado al sondeo y maloclusión en adolescentes varones costarricenses del Colegio Técnico Profesional San Agustín ubicado en la provincia de Cartago. Se recopilaron datos de 428 adolescentes varones de 12 a 22 años en un estudio transversal durante 2019. La prevalencia de pérdida de piezas dentales se calculó como el número de individuos que habían perdido al menos una pieza dental. También se registró el número promedio de dientes perdidos por individuos. El sangrado al sondeo fue un indicador utilizado como parámetro para el seguimiento de la salud periodontal donde también se registró la presencia de sangrado al sondeo y cálculo dental. La maloclusión se midió utilizando el Índice Estético Dental (DAI, por sus siglas en inglés). Los resultados mostraron que la prevalencia de pérdida de piezas dentales, sangrado al sondeo y maloclusión fue del 19%, 70,0% y 98%, respectivamente. También se encontró que el 81% de los participantes tenían todos sus dientes, el 11% había perdido 1 pieza dental, el 8% había perdido más de una pieza dental, de los cuales el 0,5% había perdido más de 5 piezas dentales. Considerando una clasificación general de problemas periodontales basada en sangrado al sondeo y presencia de cálculo, la prevalencia de problemas periodontales aumenta al 92%. En cuanto al DAI, la categoría que identifica una maloclusión muy severa fue la más prevalente en la muestra (88%). Es alarmante la alta prevalencia de pérdida de piezas dentales, sangrado al sondeo y maloclusiones en una muestra de adolescentes varones costarricenses, en comparación con estudios similares en otros países. La conclusión general de este estudio es que las enfermedades bucodentales representan un importante problema de salud que necesita urgentemente una acción adecuada de salud pública.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Prevalence]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Oral health]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Tooth loss]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Bleeding on probing]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Malocclusion]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Adolescents]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Costa Rica]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Prevalencia]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Salud oral]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Pérdida de piezas dentales]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Sangrado al sondeo]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Maloclusión]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Adolescentes]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Costa Rica]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sönmez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Top]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Quality of life and oral health impact profile in Turkish dental patients]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Heal Policy Technol]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>5</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>291-7</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zucoloto]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Maroco]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Campos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.A.D.B.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Impact of oral health on health-related quality of life: A cross-sectional study.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[BMC Oral Health]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>16</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>2-7</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Barboza Solís]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fantin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kelly-Irving]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Delpierre]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Physiological wear-and-tear and later subjective health in mid-life: Findings from the 1958 British birth cohort]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Psycho- neuroendocrinology]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>74</volume>
<page-range>24-33</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Barboza-Solís]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Porras-Chaverri]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fantin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Is tooth loss important when evaluating perceived general health? Findings from a nationally representative study of Costa Rican adults]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Community Dent Oral Epidemiol]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>47</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>358-65</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Barboza-Solís]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Araya-Jiménez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Stradi-Granados]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Barahona-Cubillo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[García-Aguirre]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Carranza-Chacón]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Oral Health-Related Quality of Life Determinants in the Elderly from a Costa Rican Day Center: Findings of a Pilot Study]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Odovtos - Int J Dent Sci.]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>1</volume>
<numero>23</numero>
<issue>23</issue>
<page-range>343-56</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bernabe]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Marcenes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hernandez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bailey]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Abreu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alipour]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Global, Regional, and National Levels and Trends in Burden of Oral Conditions from 1990 to 2017: A Systematic Analysis for the Global Burden of Disease 2017 Study]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Dent Res]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>99</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>362-73</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kazwini]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kasem]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alhuda]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N.E.A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Albar- shah]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Subeh]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alhaffar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.H.D.B.A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Oral health assessment in a sample of displaced people as a result of the war in Syria in Damascus city: results of non-profit initiative]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[BMC Oral Health]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<volume>21</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>1-7</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sampaio]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Böneckerm]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Paiva]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Martignon]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Filho]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.P.R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pozos-Guillen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Dental caries prevalence, prospects, and challenges for Latin America and Caribbean countries: a summary and final recommendations from a Regional Consensus]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Braz Oral Res]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<volume>35</volume>
<numero>c</numero>
<issue>c</issue>
<page-range>1-15</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fantin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ulloa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Solís]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.B]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Social gradient in cancer incidence in Costa Rica: Findings from a national population-based cancer registry]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Cancer Epidemiol]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>68</volume>
<page-range>101789</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lao-Gallardo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Estudio epidemiológico de la Salud Oral del Adolescente en Costa Rica, 2017]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Campos Arias]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Promoción de la salud bucal en el adolescente Estudio comparativo inter- colegial , Alajuela 2009]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[ODOVTOS-International J Dent Sci.]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>12</volume>
<page-range>15-21</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<collab>National Institutes of Health</collab>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Section 2B Oral Health Across the Lifespan: Adolescents. Chapter 1. Current Knowledge, Practice, and Perspectives]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Oral Health in America: Advances and Challenges]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<page-range>1-107</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[United States ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[US Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vettore]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MV]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Moysés]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sardinha]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[LMV]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Iser]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[BPM]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Condição socioeconômica, frequência de escovação dentária e comportamentos em saúde em adolescentes brasileiros: Uma análise a partir da pesquisa nacional de saúde do escolar (PeNSE)]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Cad Saude Publica]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>28</volume>
<page-range>101-13</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Obeid]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bercy]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Effects of smoking on periodontal health: A review]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Adv Ther.]]></source>
<year>2000</year>
<volume>17</volume>
<numero>5</numero>
<issue>5</issue>
<page-range>230-7</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hanioka]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ojima]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tanaka]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Matsuo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sato]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tanaka]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Causal assessment of smoking and tooth loss: A systematic review of observational studies]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[BMC Public Health]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>11</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>221</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Amaral C da]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SF]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vettore]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MV]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Leão]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The relationship of alcohol dependence and alcohol consumption with periodontitis: A systematic review]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Dent.]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<volume>37</volume>
<numero>9</numero>
<issue>9</issue>
<page-range>643-51</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Åstrøm]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AN]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gülcan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ekbäck]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ordell]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Long-term healthy lifestyle patterns and tooth loss studied in a Swedish cohort of middle-aged and older people]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Int J Dent Hyg]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>13</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>292-300</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sigüenza]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[YM.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Un estudio de la influencia del autoconcepto multidimensional sobre el estilo de vida saludable en la adolescencia temprana]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Universitat de Valencia]]></source>
<year>2004</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Baker]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SR]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mat]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Robinson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[PG]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[What psychosocial factors influence adolescents' oral health?]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Dent Res]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>89</volume>
<numero>11</numero>
<issue>11</issue>
<page-range>1230-5</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Machry R]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tuchtenhagen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Agostini]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[BA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[da Silva Teixeira]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CR]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Piovesan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mendes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[FM]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Socioeconomic and psychosocial predictors of dental healthcare use among Brazilian preschool children]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[BMC Oral Health]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>13</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>2-7</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B21">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[López]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ramírez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Marró]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Baelum]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Psychosocial distress and periodontitis in adolescents]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Oral Health Prev Dent]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>10</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>211-8</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B22">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Armfield]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mej]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[GC]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jamieson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[LM]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Socioe- conomic and psychosocial correlates of oral health]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Int Dent J]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>63</volume>
<page-range>202-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B23">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nicolau]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Marcenes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bartley]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sheiham]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[A life course approach to assessing causes of dental caries experience: the relation ship between biological, behavioural, socio-economic and psychological conditions and caries in adolescents]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Caries Res]]></source>
<year>2003</year>
<volume>37</volume>
<numero>5</numero>
<issue>5</issue>
<page-range>319-26</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B24">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kassebaum]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[NJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bernabé]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dahiya]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bhandari]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Murray]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CJL]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Marcenes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Global Burden of Severe Tooth Loss: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Dent Res]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>93</volume>
<page-range>20S-8S</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B25">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Peres]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Barbato]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[PR]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Reis]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SCGB]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Freitas CHS de]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Antunes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JLF]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Tooth loss in Brazil: analysis of the 2010 Brazilian Oral Health Survey]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Rev Saude Publica]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>47</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>78-89</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B26">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dannewitz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sommerer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Stölzel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Baid- Agrawal]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nadal]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bärthlein]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Status of periodontal health in German patients suffering from chronic kidney disease-Data from the GCKD study]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Clin Periodontol]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>47</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>19-29</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B27">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Humphrey]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[LL]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Buckley]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DI]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Freeman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Helfand]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Periodontal disease and coronary heart disease incidence: A systematic review and meta-analysis]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Gen Intern Med]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<volume>23</volume>
<numero>12</numero>
<issue>12</issue>
<page-range>2079-86</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B28">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sharma]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yonel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Z]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Busby]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chapple]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[IL]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dietrich]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Association between periodontal health status and patient-reported outco- mes in patients managed in a non-specialist, general dental practice]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Clin Periodontol]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>45</volume>
<numero>12</numero>
<issue>12</issue>
<page-range>1440-7</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B29">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chapple IL]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mealey]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[BL]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Van]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Dyke TE]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bartold]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[PM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dommisch]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Eickholz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Periodontal health and gingival diseases and conditions on an intact and a reduced perio- dontium : Consensus report of workgroup 1 of the 2017 World Workshop on the Classification of Periodontal and Peri-Implant Disea- ses and Conditions]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Clin Periodontol]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>45</volume>
<numero>20</numero>
<issue>20</issue>
<page-range>S68-77</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B30">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Murillo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vargas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Castillo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Serrano]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ramirez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Viales]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[.JH.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Prevalence and Severity of Plaque-Induced Gingivitis in Three Latin American Cities: Mexico City-Mexico, Great Metropolitan Area-Costa Rica and Bogota-Colombia]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Odovtos - Int J Dent Sci.]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>20</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>91-102</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B31">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tomazoni]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vettore]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.V.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zanatta]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.B.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tuchtenhagen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Moreira]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.H.C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ardenghi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[TM.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The associations of socioeconomic status and social capital with gingival bleeding among schoolchildren]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Public Health Dent]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>77</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>21-30</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B32">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chiapinotto]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vargas-ferreira]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Demarco]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Corrêa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.O.B.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Masotti]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Risk factors for gingivitis in a group of Brazilian]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Public Health Dent]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>73</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>9-18</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B33">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Al-ghutaimel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Riba]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Al-kahtani]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Al-duhaimi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Common Periodontal Diseases of Children and Adolescents]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Int J Dent]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B34">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N.P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bartold]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Periodontal health]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Clin Periodontol]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>45</volume>
<numero>20</numero>
<issue>20</issue>
<page-range>S9-16</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B35">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Liu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zhang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Z.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Li]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Huang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Epidemiology and associated factors of gingivitis in adolescents in Guang- dong Province , Southern China : a cross- sectional study]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[BMC Oral Health]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<volume>21</volume>
<numero>311</numero>
<issue>311</issue>
<page-range>1-10</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B36">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Trombelli]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Farina]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Silva]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.O.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tatakis]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DN.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Plaque-induced gingivitis : Case definition and diagnostic considerations]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Periodontol]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>89</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>46-74</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B37">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Murrieta-Pruneda]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[José Francisco]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Juárez- López]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Linares-Vieyra]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zurita-Murillo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Meléndez-Ocampo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ávila-Martínez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nava-Delgado]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Prevalencia de gingivitis asociada a la higiene oral , ingreso familiar y tiempo transcurrido desde la última consulta dental , en un grupo de adolescentes de Iztapalapa , Ciudad de México]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Bol Med Hosp Infant Mex]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<volume>65</volume>
<numero>5</numero>
<issue>5</issue>
<page-range>367-75</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B38">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Goyal]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Goyal]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Muhigana]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Assessment of malocclusion severity levels and orthodontic treatment needs using the Dental Aesthetic Index (DAI): A retrospective study]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Rwanda Med J.]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>70</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>20-7</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B39">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jenny]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cons]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N.C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Comparing and contrasting two orthodontic indices , the Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need and the Dental Aesthetic Index]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop]]></source>
<year>1996</year>
<volume>110</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>410-6</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B40">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ashari]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mohamed]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Relationship of the Dental Aesthetic Index to the oral health- related quality of life]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Angle Orthod]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>86</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>337-42</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B41">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Shrestha]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lamichhane]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sharma]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.K.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Shrestha]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Dental Aesthetic Index among Nepalese Orthodontic Patients]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Orthod J Nepal]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>5</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>9-13</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B42">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pérez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Neira]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Á.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alfaro]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Aguilera]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alvear]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fierro]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Orthodontic treatment needs according to the Dental Aesthetic Index in 12-year-old adolescents, Chile]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Rev Fac Odontol Univ Antioquia]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>26</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>33-43</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B43">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Anand-Nayak]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[U.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Winnier J.]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.R.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The Relationship of Dental Aesthetic Index with Dental Appearance , Smile and Desire for Orthodontic Correction]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Int J Clin Pediatr Dent]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<volume>2</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>6-12</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B44">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cardoso]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Drummond]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lages]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.M.B.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pretti]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ferreira]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Henrique]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The Dental Aesthetic Index and Dental Health Component of the Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need as Tools in Epidemiological Studies]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Int J Environ Res Public Health]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>8</volume>
<page-range>3277-86</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B45">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[King]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Brudvik]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Effectiveness of interceptive orthodontic treatment in reducing malocclusions.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>137</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>18-25</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B46">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[English]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.D.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Early treatment of skeletal open bite malocclusions]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop]]></source>
<year>2002</year>
<volume>121</volume>
<numero>6</numero>
<issue>6</issue>
<page-range>563-5</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B47">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>Ciudad de los Niños</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Breve Historia de la Ciudad de los Niños]]></source>
<year>2022</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B48">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Petersen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Baez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Oral health surveys: basic methods]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<edition>5th</edition>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[France ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[World Health Organization]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B49">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>Universidad de Costa Rica</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Protocolo de Control de Infecciones de la Facultad de Odontología]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B50">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gudiño-Fernández]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gómez-Fernández]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Molina-Chaves]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Barahona-Cubillo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fantin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Barboza-Solís]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Prevalence of Dental Caries Among Costa Rican Male Students Aged 12-22 Years Using ICDAS-II]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Odovtos - International Journal of Dental Sciences]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<page-range>378-92</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B51">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Beltrán-Aguilar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Eke]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.I.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Thornton- Evans]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Petersen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.E.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Recording and surveillance systems for periodontal diseases]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Periodontol 2000]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>60</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>40-53</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B52">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cons]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N.C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jenny]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kohout]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[DDS]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y.S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jotikastira]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Utility of the Dental Aesthetic Index in Industrialized and Developing Countries]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Public Health Dent]]></source>
<year>1989</year>
<volume>49</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>163-6</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B53">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Olczak-Kowalczyk]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gozdowski]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kaczmarek]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[U.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Oral health in polish fifteen- year-old adolescents]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Oral Health Prev Dent]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>17</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>139-46</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B54">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<collab>OECD</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Health for Everyone? Social inequalities in health and health systems. OECD Health Policy Studies]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Paris, France ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[OECD]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B55">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fantin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Delpierre]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kelly-Irving]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Barboza Solís]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Early socioeconomic conditions and severe tooth loss in middle-aged Costa Ricans]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Community Dent Oral Epidemiol]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>46</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>178-84</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B56">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Silveira]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Freire]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Brito]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.F.S.F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Martins]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.M.E. de BL]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Marcopito]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.F.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Periodontal condition of adolescents and associated factors]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[RGO-Rev Gaúcha Odontol]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>67</volume>
<page-range>1-11</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B57">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Campos Arias]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Prevalencia de maloclusión en las escuelas del distrito de Tacares, Grecia. 2011]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Odovtos-Int J Dent Sci.]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>15</volume>
<page-range>31-8</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B58">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lao]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Araya]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mena]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Prevalencia de apiñamiento dental en la población costarricense que consulta los servicios de odontología de la CCSS, 2017]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Odontol Vital.]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>1</volume>
<numero>30</numero>
<issue>30</issue>
<page-range>39-44</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
