<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>2215-2504</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista Forestal Mesoamericana Kurú]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Kurú]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>2215-2504</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Instituto Tecnológico de Costa Rica]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S2215-25042025000100062</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18845/rfmk.v22i50.7760</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Conectividad funcional en la Reserva Conchal como parte del Corredor Biológico Costero Marino Baulas-Conchal, Costa Rica]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Functional connectivity in the Reserva Conchal as part of the Corredor Biológico Costero Marino Baulas-Conchal, Costa Rica]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Montilla-Rivas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Analy]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Soto-Montoya]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Casia]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Villavicencio-Serrano]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Daniel]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hilje-Rodriguez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Branko]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gamboa-Badilla]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Nancy]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Tecnológico de Costa Rica Escuela de Ingeniería Forestal ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Cartago ]]></addr-line>
<country>Costa Rica</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Sistema Nacional de Áreas de Conservación Información y Regularización del Territorio de secretaria ejecutiva ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[San José ]]></addr-line>
<country>Costa Rica</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2025</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2025</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>22</volume>
<numero>50</numero>
<fpage>62</fpage>
<lpage>71</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S2215-25042025000100062&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S2215-25042025000100062&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S2215-25042025000100062&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen Estudiar la conectividad funcional en paisajes fragmentados es esencial para mantener la biodiversidad, sin embargo, estos estudios en Costa Rica son limitados. Para responder a esta necesidad, se desarrolla la presente investigación con el fin de evaluar la conectividad funcional en diferentes usos del suelo de la Reserva Conchal, perteneciente al Corredor Biológico Costero Marino Baulas-Conchal (CBC-BC). Se validó la capa de coberturas y usos del suelo del SINAC 2023, obteniendo una precisión del 98,53% y un índice Kappa de 0,97. Las especies objetivo seleccionadas fueron el mono congo (Alouatta palliata) y el venado cola blanca (Odocoileus virginianus). La conectividad funcional se modeló con técnicas de grafo espacial mediante el software &#8220;Graphab&#8221; y análisis de índice de idoneidad del hábitat (HSI) con &#8220;MaxEnt&#8221;, utilizando &#8220;R&#8221;. Las métricas a escala global indicaron una mayor probabilidad de conexión para O. virginianus (PC = 0,066) en comparación con A. palliata (PC = 0,0058), sugiriendo que el venado cola blanca se adapta mejor a diversos usos del suelo, mientras que el mono congo mostró parches de hábitat más fragmentados y alta dependencia de corredores específicos. Con métricas a escala local, se identificaron parches y enlaces clave para mejorar la conectividad de ambas especies. Se concluyó que la conectividad funcional de las especies puede mejorar con esfuerzos de restauración y conservación en áreas prioritarias, destacando la necesidad de integrar este tipo de metodologías en las estrategias de tomas de decisión para la gestión del paisaje en el país.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract Analyzing functional connectivity in fragmented landscapes is essential for maintaining biodiversity; however, such studies in Costa Rica are limited. To address this need, the present research was developed to assess functional connectivity across different land uses within the Reserva Conchal, part of the Baulas-Conchal Coastal Marine Biological Corridor (CBC-BC). The land cover and land use layer from SINAC 2023 was validated, achieving an accuracy of 98.53% and a Kappa index of 0.97. The selected target species were the mantled howler monkey (Alouatta palliata) and the white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus), chosen based on their biological traits to encompass a range of dispersal capacities. Functional connectivity was modeled using spatial graph techniques with the &#8220;Graphab&#8221; software and habitat suitability index (HSI) analysis with &#8220;MaxEnt&#8221; in &#8220;R&#8221;. The global scale metrics indicated a higher probability of connection for O. virginianus (PC = 0,066) compared to A. palliata (PC = 0,0058), suggesting that the white-tailed deer is better adapted to diverse land uses, while the howler monkey exhibited more fragmented habitat patches and a high dependency on specific corridors. Local scale metrics identified key patches and links to improve connectivity for both species. It was concluded that functional connectivity could be improved through restoration and conservation efforts in priority areas, highlighting the need to integrate such methodologies into decision-making strategies for landscape management in the country.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Graphab]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Índice de idoneidad del hábitat (HSI)]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[fragmentación del hábitat]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Alouatta palliata]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Odocoileus virginianus]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Graphab]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Habitat Suitability Index (HSI)]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[habitat fragmentation]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Alouatta palliata]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Odocoileus virginianus]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<label>1</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rusch]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V. E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fracassi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Indicadores de Biodiversidad: Informe preparado por el proyecto INTA PI 038. Evaluación, monitoreo y manejo de la biodiversidad en sistemas agropecuarios y forestales]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[EEA Bariloche, INTA]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<label>2</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pauly]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Analyse de la cohérence écologique du réseau écologique fonctionnel en région ardennaise]]></source>
<year>2023</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Gembloux, Bélgica ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<label>3</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lobo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R. G]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[La biodiversidad de Costa Rica en dos siglos de vida independiente, y una mirada hacia el tricentenario]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista del Archivo Nacional]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<volume>85</volume>
<page-range>1-44</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<label>4</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sierra-Parra]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A. M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Estrategias de restauración activa en áreas de potrero del Corredor Biológico Rincón-Cacao, Costa Rica]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[CATIE]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<label>5</label><nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>SINAC</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Plan de General Manejo de Refugio Nacional de Vida Silvestre Mixto Conchal]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<label>6</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Aguirre-Gutiérrez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Long-term droughts may drive drier tropical forests towards increased functional, taxonomic and phylogenetic homogeneity]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Nature Communications]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>11</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>33-46</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<label>7</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rivas Cobo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C. A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Teledetección y sistemas de información geográficos aplicados al seguimiento de procesos de deforestación en bosques secos de Ecuador]]></source>
<year></year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Córdoba, España ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad de Córdoba]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<label>8</label><nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sánchez-Azofeifa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G. A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[]]></source>
<year></year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<label>9</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sánchez-Toruño]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H. M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Análisis de cobertura en bosque secundario del Refugio Nacional Vida Silvestre Mixto Conchal, Costa Rica]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[E-CUCBA]]></source>
<year>2022</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<label>10</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<collab>SINAC</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Estrategia Regional para el Manejo y Conservación de los Manglares en el Golfo de Nicoya-Costa Rica 2019-2030]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[San José, Costa Rica ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[SINAC]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<label>11</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Menéndez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The global flood protection benefits of mangroves]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Scientific Reports]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>10</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>1-11</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<label>12</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mora Salas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. P]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Análisis de la estructura y composición florística de los manglares del Corredor Biológico Costero Baulas-Conchal (CBC-BC) para la elaboración de una propuesta de conectividad ecológica que posibilite implementar acciones de manejo y conservación]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Heredia, Costa Rica ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Nacional]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<label>13</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Crooks]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K. R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sanjayan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Connectivity Conservation]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<volume>14</volume>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Cambridge, U.K. ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Cambridge University Press,]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<label>14</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Calvo-Obando]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A. J]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Determinación de índices de fragmentación y modelamiento de la conectividad en los corredores biológicos de Costa Rica]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Cartago, Costa Rica ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Instituto Tecnológico de Costa Rica]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<label>15</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Luiza Amante]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[La conectividad funcional y los servicios ecosistémicos proporcionados por abejas en los agropaisajes del Corredor Biológico Volcánica Central Talamanca, Costa Rica]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Turrialba, Costa Rica ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Centro Agronómico Tropical de Investigación y Enseñanza]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<label>16</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Keeley]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A. T]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Connectivity metrics for conservation planning and monitoring]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Biological Conservation]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<volume>255</volume>
<page-range>1-14</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<label>17</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Duflot]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Combining habitat suitability models and spatial graphs for more effective landscape conservation planning: An applied methodological framework and a species case study]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal for Nature Conservation]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>46</volume>
<page-range>38-47</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<label>18</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Foltête]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. C]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[A methodological framework for the use of landscape graphs in land-use planning]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Landscape and Urban Planning]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>124</volume>
<page-range>140-50</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<label>19</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bergsten]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zetterberg]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[To model the landscape as a network: A practitioner's perspective]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Landscape and Urban Planning]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>119</volume>
<page-range>35-43</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<label>20</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bodin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ö]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Saura]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Ranking individual habitat patches as connectivity providers: Integrating network analysis and patch removal experiments]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Ecological Modelling]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>221</volume>
<numero>19</numero>
<issue>19</issue>
<page-range>2393-405</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B21">
<label>21</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Morera-Beita]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Evaluación de corredores biológicos en Costa Rica: Estructura del paisaje y procesos de conectividad-fragmentación]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista Geográfica de América Central]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<volume>66</volume>
<page-range>106-32</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B22">
<label>22</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ortiz-Malavasi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Atlas de Costa Rica 2014]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Instituto Tecnológico de Costa Rica,]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B23">
<label>23</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fallas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Inventario Forestal Costa Rica: Clases de cobertura y uso de la tierra y homologación entre las partes interesadas]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[SIMOCUTE]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B24">
<label>24</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Olofsson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Making better use of accuracy data in land change studies: Estimating accuracy and area and quantifying uncertainty using stratified estimation]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Remote Sensing of Environment]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>129</volume>
<page-range>122-31</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B25">
<label>25</label><nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Álvarez-Masis]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Conectividad estructural del paisaje circundante a los corredores biológicos del ITCR, Campus Tecnológico Central Cartago, Costa Rica]]></source>
<year>2023</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Cartago, Costa Rica ]]></publisher-loc>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B26">
<label>26</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cochran]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W. G]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Sampling Techniques]]></source>
<year>1977</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[New York ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[John Wiley &amp; Sons]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B27">
<label>27</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Azofeifa Rojas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Vulnerability Index of the Congo Monkey (Alouatta palliata palliata) from the Vision of Sustainable Development for its Conservation]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista Rupturas]]></source>
<year>2024</year>
<volume>14</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>213-39</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B28">
<label>28</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Contreras-Moreno]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F. M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Preferencia de hábitat de Odocoileus virginianus thomasi Merriam en dos ejidos ganaderos del sureste de México]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Agro Productividad]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>8</volume>
<numero>5</numero>
<issue>5</issue>
<page-range>49-55</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B29">
<label>29</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bourgeois]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Mesurer et spatialiser les impacts des formes de croissance urbaine sur les réseaux écologiques pour guider des politiques d'aménagement et de conservation]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journée Graphab]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<page-range>46-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B30">
<label>30</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[González-Maya]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. F]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Ecología poblacional de una tropa de Alouatta palliata en un bosque premontano de Costa Rica]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Rev. Mex. Mastozool]]></source>
<year>2023</year>
<volume>13</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>33-42</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B31">
<label>31</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vargas-Alpízar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Composición, distribución y movimiento de tropas de monos aulladores (Alouatta palliata) en el paisaje agrícola de Pital, San Carlos, Costa Rica]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Neotropical Primates]]></source>
<year>2022</year>
<volume>28</volume>
<numero>1-2</numero>
<issue>1-2</issue>
<page-range>26-38</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B32">
<label>32</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Stoner]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K. E]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Habitat selection and seasonal patterns of activity and foraging of mantled howling monkeys (Alouatta palliata) in northeastern Costa Rica]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[International Journal of Primatology]]></source>
<year>1996</year>
<volume>17</volume>
<page-range>1-30</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B33">
<label>33</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chávez Gamboa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Estimación poblacional de venado cola blanca (Odocoileus virginianus couesi) y abundancia relativa de fauna acompañante en el PP El Conejo, Ocampo, Durango]]></source>
<year>2023</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Coahuila, México ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Autónoma Agraria Antonio Narr]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B34">
<label>34</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Savary]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[graph4lg: A package for constructing and analysing graphs for landscape genetics in R]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Methods in Ecology and Evolution]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<volume>12</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>539-47</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B35">
<label>35</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Betbeder]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) images improve habitat suitability models]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Landscape Ecology]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>32</volume>
<page-range>1867-79</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B36">
<label>36</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Foltête]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. C]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[A software tool dedicated to the modelling of landscape networks]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Environmental Modelling &amp; Software]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>38</volume>
<page-range>316-27</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B37">
<label>37</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[González]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Fragmentation and Connectivity in dehesa Ecosystems Associated with Cerambyx spp. Dispersion and Control: A Graph-Theory Approach]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Forests]]></source>
<year>2024</year>
<volume>15</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>648</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B38">
<label>38</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Borràs]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Land use classification from Sentinel-2 imagery]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista de Teledetección]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<numero>48</numero>
<issue>48</issue>
<page-range>55-66</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B39">
<label>39</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Belmont]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[A Conservation Model: Costa Rican conservation strategies effectively preserve their threatened primates]]></source>
<year>2024</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Denver, Colorado ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Regis University]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B40">
<label>40</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fahrig]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Effects of habitat fragmentation on biodiversity]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics]]></source>
<year>2003</year>
<volume>34</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>487-515</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B41">
<label>41</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zeller]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K. A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Estimating landscape resistance to movement: a review]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Landscape Ecology]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>27</volume>
<page-range>777-97</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B42">
<label>42</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Elith]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[A statistical explanation of MaxEnt for ecologists]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Diversity and Distributions]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>17</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>43-57</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B43">
<label>43</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Arroyo-Rodríguez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Designing optimal human-modified landscapes for forest biodiversity conservation]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Ecology Letters]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>23</volume>
<numero>9</numero>
<issue>9</issue>
<page-range>1404-20</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B44">
<label>44</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Corrales]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Evaluación de la infraestructura verde y conectividad ecológica en el cantón de Curridabat]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Municipalidad de Curridabat]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B45">
<label>45</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Laidlaw]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Effectiveness of aerial wildlife crossings: Do wildlife use rope bridges more than hazardous structures to cross roads?]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista de Biología Tropical]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<volume>69</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>1138-48</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B46">
<label>46</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Estrada]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Primates in peril: The significance of Brazil, Madagascar, Indonesia and the Democratic Republic of the Congo for global primate conservation]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[PeerJ]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>6</volume>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B47">
<label>47</label><nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Visconti]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Elkin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Diversity and Distributions]]></source>
<year></year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
