<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>1659-4940</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Cuadernos Inter.c.a.mbio sobre Centroamérica y el Caribe]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Inter.c.a.mbio]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>1659-4940</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Centro de Investigación en Identidad y Cultura Latinoamericanas (CIICLA) de la Universidad de Costa Rica]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S1659-49402021000200009</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15517/c.a..v18i2.47440</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Análisis de gobernabilidad en un sistema socio-ecológico complejo: cuenca del río Caroní, Venezuela]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Analysis of Governance in a Complex Socio-ecological System: Caroni River Basin, Venezuela]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="pt"><![CDATA[Análise de governança em um sistema sócio-ecológico complexo: bacia do rio Caroni, Venezuela]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sánchez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Becker]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Nacional Experimental de Guayana, Bolívar  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Venezuela</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2021</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2021</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>18</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<fpage>231</fpage>
<lpage>253</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1659-49402021000200009&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1659-49402021000200009&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1659-49402021000200009&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen El presente artículo analiza las transformaciones sociopolíticas experimentadas por el Estado venezolano entre 1999 y 2019, las cuales han impactado en la gestión de la cuenca del río Caroní (ubicada al sur del país, de importancia nacional por sus vinculaciones con Colombia y Brasil). El estudio describe los escenarios complejos y los atributos socio-ecológicos que inciden en la gobernabilidad ambiental y que impactan en la gestión de dicha cuenca. Se empleó un enfoque adaptativo de investigación con un protocolo para escalas temporales y espaciales con casos múltiples de estudio. Los resultados muestran relaciones diferenciadas que responden a las culturas socio-institucionales y a los significados de las funcionalidades ecosistémicas construidas por los grupos humanos en medio de acciones colectivas. Se concluye con una definición de gobernabilidad compleja con variables dependientes de límites y vínculos territoriales no específicos, escalas temporales, niveles y/o jurisdicciones administrativas y actores dinámicos que reestructuran y redefinen las prácticas institucionales y comunitarias, ahora con índices incrementados de empoderamiento.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract This article analyzes the sociopolitical transformations experienced by the Venezuelan State between 1999 and 2019, which have impacted on the management of the Caroní river basin (located in the south of the country of national importance and due to its links with Colombia and Brazil). The study describes the complex scenarios and socio-ecological attributes that affect environmental governance and that impact the management of said basin. An adaptive research approach was used with a protocol for spatial and temporal scales with multiple case studies. The results show differentiated relationships that respond to socio-institutional cultures and the meanings of ecosystemic functionalities constructed by human groups through collective actions. It concludes with a definition of complex governance with variables dependent on non-specific territorial boundaries and links, temporal scales, administrative levels and/or jurisdictions, and dynamic actors that restructure and redefine institutional and community practices, now with increased rates of empowerment.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="pt"><p><![CDATA[Resumo Este artigo analisa as transformações socio-políticas vividas pelo Estado venezuelano entre 1999 e 2019, que impactaram a gestão da bacia do rio Caroní (localizada no sul do país de importância nacional e devido às suas ligações com a Colômbia e o Brasil). O estudo descreve os cenários complexos e os atributos socio-ecológicos que afetam a governança ambiental e impactam a gestão da referida bacia. Uma abordagem de pesquisa adaptativa foi usada com um protocolo para escalas espaciais e temporais com múltiplos estudos de caso. Os resultados mostram relações diferenciadas que respondem às culturas socio-institucionais e aos significados das funcionalidades ecossistêmicas construídas por grupos humanos através de ações coletivas. Conclui com uma definição de governança complexa com variáveis &#8203;&#8203;dependentes de limites territoriais não específicos e ligações, escalas temporais, níveis administrativos e/ou jurisdições e atores dinâmicos que reestruturam e redefinem as práticas institucionais e comunitárias, agora com índices aumentados de empoderamento.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Sistema socio-ecológico complejo]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[acciones colectivas]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[empoderamiento comunitario]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[multi-territorialidad]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[gestión de cuencas]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Complex socio-ecological system]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[collective actions]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[community empowerment]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[multi-territoriality]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[watershed management]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Sistema sócio-ecológico complexo]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[ações coletivas]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[empoderamento comunitário]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Multi-territorialidade]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[gestão de bacias hidrográficas]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
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