<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>1659-4266</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Cuadernos de Investigación UNED]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Cuadernos de Investigación UNED]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>1659-4266</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Estatal a Distancia de Costa Rica]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S1659-42662023000200159</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22458/urj.v15i2.4675</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Bacterial multi-resistance to antibiotics in water from plant cavities (phytotelms) in a deep tropical forest from Costa Rica]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Multirresistencia bacteriana a los antibióticos en el agua de cavidades vegetales (fitotelmas) de un bosque tropical profundo de Costa Rica]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sánchez-Vargas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Stephanny]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vargas-Jiménez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Paula]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vega-Corrales]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Luis]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Molina]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Junior Pastor Pérez-]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Nacional Escuela de Ciencias Biológicas Laboratorio de Microbiología Marina (LaMMaR)]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ Heredia]]></addr-line>
<country>Costa Rica</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Nacional Escuela de Ciencias Biológicas Laboratorio de Ecología Funcional y Ecosistemas Tropicales (LEFET)]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ Heredia]]></addr-line>
<country>Costa Rica</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Nacional Escuela de Ciencias Biológicas Laboratorio de Microbiología Marina (LaMMaR)]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ Heredia]]></addr-line>
<country>Costa Rica</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af4">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Nacional Escuela de Ciencias Biológicas Laboratorio de Ecología Funcional y Ecosistemas Tropicales (LEFET)]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ Heredia]]></addr-line>
<country>Costa Rica</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2023</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2023</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>15</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<fpage>159</fpage>
<lpage>165</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1659-42662023000200159&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1659-42662023000200159&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1659-42662023000200159&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract Introduction: The spread of antimicrobial resistance in natural environments continues to be reported throughout the world; nevertheless, there is no study about phytotelms (water in the natural cavities of plants) in the deep understory of tropical cloud forests from Costa Rica. Objective: To detect phytotelm antibiotic-resistant bacterial strains in a Costa Rican forest and nearby town. Methods: We used the disk diffusion method to analyze the antimicrobial resistance of 10 gram-negative bacterial strains from phytotelm water collected from 10 bromeliads and 10 heliconias in both sites. Results: Three strains were multidrug resistant to more than three antibiotics in each site, and only one strain was susceptible to all antibiotics. Antibiotic resistance was similar in both environments. Conclusions: Phytotelm can be a rapid, cost-effective, and simple source for detecting antimicrobial resistance in unexplored environments.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen Introducción: La propagación de la resistencia antimicrobiana en entornos naturales continúa siendo informada de todo el mundo; sin embargo, no existe ningún estudio sobre fitotelmias (agua en las cavidades naturales de las plantas) en el sotobosque profundo de los bosques nubosos tropicales de Costa Rica. Objetivo: Detectar cepas bacterianas resistentes a antibióticos en fitotelmas de un bosque costarricense y un pueblo cercano. Métodos: Utilizamos el método de difusión en disco para analizar la resistencia antimicrobiana de 10 cepas bacterianas gram-negativas aisladas del agua de fitotelmas de 10 bromelias y 10 heliconias, en ambos sitios. Resultados: Tres cepas fueron resistentes a más de tres antibióticos en cada sitio, y una fue susceptible a todos los antibióticos. La resistencia a los antibióticos fue similar en ambos entornos. Conclusiones: Las fitotelmas pueden ser una fuente rápida, económica y sencilla para detectar la resistencia antimicrobiana en entornos inexplorados.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Monteverde cloud forest]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[urban zone]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[antimicrobial resistance (AMR)]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[bromeliads tank]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[understory]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[deep forest.]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[bosque nuboso de Monteverde]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[zona urbana]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[resistencia antimicrobiana (RAM)]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[tanque de bromélias]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[sotobosque]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[bosque profundo.]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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