1659-1321 1659-1321 S1659-13212018000200469 10.15517/ma.v29i2.30613 Costa Rica Brasil 00 08 2018 00 08 2018 29 2 469 484

2003 1993 14 397-406 2004 25 317-25 2014 81 5-17 2015 142 219-30 1995 44 367-77 2000 2 1989 1983 35 105-30 2000 1999 61 1513-20 1989 5 167-200 2011 96 24-7 1988 71 1638-46 1998 81 1714-23 2011 76 381-5 2011 125 211-8 2010 121 115-23 2006 65 308-16 ESHRE (European Society for Human Reproduction and Embriology) Andrology Special Interest Group 1998 13 142-5 2009 44 206-11 2002 23 25-43 2006 27 176-88 2003 24 59-66 2006 125-32 2007 30 88-98 1994 15 620-9 2001 68 249-65 2009 71 254-63 1956 76 84-97 2006 66 996-1003 2008 103 374-8 2016 166 72-9 2001 55 947-61 1992 200 979-85 1996 65 446-7 2011 2012 77 1529-39 2012 78 528-41 2011 75 783-95 2013 65 819-25 2009 72 1017-22 2000 21 515-24 2009 72 860-8 2008 109 50-64 2001 22 584-94 1979 31 162-72 2005 26 716-23 2007 2000 502-600 2003 38 312-8 2004 234 1-28 2016 18 835-9 1995 39 1-10 2012 41 1234-45 1998 58 786-93 2016 18 851-7 2002 57 149-79 1981 62 483-92 WHO (World Health Organization) 1999 4