<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>1659-1321</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Agronomía Mesoamericana]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Agron. Mesoam]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>1659-1321</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad de Costa Rica]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S1659-13212017000300735</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15517/ma.v28i3.27788</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Necrosis aguda del hepatopáncreas: una revisión de la enfermedad en Penaeus vannamei]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Acute hepatopancreatic necrosis: a review of the disease in Penaeus vannamei]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Varela-Mejías]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Alexander]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Peña-Navarro]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Nelson]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Aranguren-Caro]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Luis Fernando]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Costa Rica  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>CR</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Técnica Nacional Dirección de Investigación ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>CR</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,University of Arizona Aquaculture Pathology Laboratory ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>US</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2017</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2017</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>28</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<fpage>735</fpage>
<lpage>745</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1659-13212017000300735&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1659-13212017000300735&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1659-13212017000300735&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen A nivel global, la producción acuícola de camarón ha tenido de forma recurrente la presencia de diversas enfermedades infecciosas, las cuales han ocasionado grandes pérdidas económicas, afectando la estabilidad de la industria. El objetivo de la presente revisión fue realizar una actualización sobre los descubrimientos asociados a la necrosis aguda del hepatopáncreas (AHPND), que permitan el incremento del conocimiento entre los sectores productivos, investigativos y oficiales de la región latinoamericana. Se exponen aspectos de su origen, desde el primer reporte en China, hasta su aparición en años posteriores en Latinoamérica, su etiología, signología clínica, citopatología e impacto en los cultivos. La necrosis aguda del hepatopáncreas se caracteriza por presentar tres etapas de desarrollo, denominadas aguda, intermedia y terminal, las cuales son identificables durante el transcurso de la infección. A nivel histopatológico se pueden observar desprendimientos celulares en hepatopáncreas, edematización, túbulos necróticos e infiltraciones hemocíticas generalizadas. Se describen además las características del plásmido que le confiere patogenicidad, y las diferentes técnicas de diagnóstico, como la reacción en cadena de la polimerasa, la tecnología LAMP y las sondas TaqMan. Se enfatiza en los esfuerzos por optimizar las técnicas de diagnóstico y control de la enfermedad, los cuales posiblemente requerirán de la aplicación de medidas integrales de manejo, buenas prácticas acuícolas y sistemas de bioseguridad eficaces en las fincas productivas dedicadas al cultivo de camarón.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract Globally, shrimp aquaculture production has been recurrently suffering the presence of various infectious diseases, which have caused great economic losses, affecting the stability of the industry. The objective of the present review was to do an actualization on the discoveries associated with acute hepatopancretic necrosis (AHPND), and also to increase knowledge between the productive, investigative and official sectors of the Latin America. Therefore, several aspects of this disease, such as the first report of the disease in China, and several years later in Latin America, its etiology, clinic signology, cytopathology, and culture impacts were reviewed in this study. The severe hepatopancreas necrosis has three characteristic infection stages: acute, intermediate and terminal. Cell detachment, edematization, necrotic tubules and hemolytic infiltrations are common from a histopathological perspective. Also, the plasmid pathogenic characteristics, and diagnosis technics, such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR), LAMP technology and TaqMan probe are addressed. Finally, the article describes the desired optimization efforts for the disease&#8217;s diagnosis and management, which includes the application of integrated management measures, good aquaculture habits, and effective biosecurity systems in culture shrimp farms.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[citopatología]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[enfermedades bacterianas]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[camarón de cultivo]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[cytopathology]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[bacterial disease]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[shrimp culture]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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