<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>1659-1321</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Agronomía Mesoamericana]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Agron. Mesoam]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>1659-1321</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad de Costa Rica]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S1659-13212017000300535</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15517/ma.v28i3.26442</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Evaluación de sistemas térmicos y fotovoltaicos solares en unidades de producción agropecuaria, Región Huetar Norte, Costa Rica]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Evaluation of thermal and photovoltaic solar systems in agricultural production units, Northern Huetar Region, Costa Rica]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Guzmán-Hernández]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Tomás de Jesús]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Araya-Rodríguez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Freddy]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Obando-Ulloa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Javier Mauricio]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rivero-Marcos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Mikel]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Castro-Badilla]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Guillermo]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Instituto Tecnológico de Costa Rica  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>CR</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Instituto Tecnológico de Costa Rica  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>CR</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Instituto Tecnológico de Costa Rica  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>CR</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af4">
<institution><![CDATA[,Instituto Tecnológico de Costa Rica  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>CR</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af5">
<institution><![CDATA[,Instituto Tecnológico de Costa Rica Escuela de Electrónica ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>CR</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2017</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2017</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>28</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<fpage>535</fpage>
<lpage>548</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1659-13212017000300535&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1659-13212017000300535&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1659-13212017000300535&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen La dependencia por los combustibles fósiles insta a buscar alternativas de producción más limpias que contribuyan a mitigar los efectos del cambio climático. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue determinar el potencial del uso de la energía solar para el calentamiento de agua y generación de energía eléctrica. El estudio se desarrolló en la lechería de la Sede Regional San Carlos, Instituto Tecnológico de Costa Rica, entre mayo de 2015 y abril de 2016. Se determinó la cantidad de electricidad producida y las temperaturas alcanzadas, por medio de los sistemas fotovoltaicos y térmicos instalados mediante un registro computarizado. También se calculó la cantidad de dióxido de carbono equivalente que se dejó de emitir a la atmósfera y, el ahorro energético y económico de su consumo. El uso de los sistemas de energía solar permitió lograr un autoabastecimiento de energía eléctrica entre 30 y 40% del consumo total de la unidad productiva. En la producción de energía para calentar el agua para la limpieza y sanitización de los equipos de ordeño, el sistema térmico fue capaz de lograr un incremento entre 20 y 37 ºC, lo que representó más del 70% de la energía necesaria para alcanzar la temperatura requerida (70 ºC) y un ahorro económico de aproximadamente $90 mensuales. Estos sistemas contribuyeron a disminuir la dependencia de los combustibles fósiles, al mejorar la eficiencia económica y productiva en unidades de producción agropecuaria en la Región Huetar Norte de Costa Rica.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract The dependence on fossil fuels urges society to seek for clean energy alternatives, in order to mitigate the effects of climate change. The objective of this study was to determine the potential of solar energy used for water heating and electricity generation. The study was conducted at the dairy of the Technology Institute of Costa Rica, San Carlos Headquarter, from May 15 to April 2016. The data related to the amount of the electricity produced and the temperature reached by water was obtained from the installed photovoltaic and thermal systems, the data was recorded by a computerized register. The obtained information about electricity production allowed researchers to calculate the amount of carbon dioxide equivalent that was not emitted into the atmosphere, and also the acquired economic saving on consumption. The use of these systems allowed the production unit have a self- sufficient source of electrical energy percentage, actually around 30 to 40% of the total electrical consumption. According to the energy production, the solar thermal system was capable to increase water temperature between 20 to 37 °C, temperature that represents more than 70% of the energy needed in order to reach the required water temperature (70 °C) for cleaning and sanitizing the milking equipment, and also an economical saving around $90 per month was achieved. The results showed that these systems allow to improve the economical and productive efficiency of agricultural production units in the Northern Huetar Region of Costa Rica.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[energía eléctrica]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[energía solar]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[producción agropecuaria]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[sistema fotovoltaico]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[sistema térmico]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[electrical energy]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[solar energy]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[agricultural production]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[photovoltaic system]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[thermal system]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
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