<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>1409-2433</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista de Matemática Teoría y Aplicaciones]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Rev. Mat]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>1409-2433</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Centro de Investigaciones en Matemática Pura y Aplicada (CIMPA) y Escuela de Matemática, San José, Costa Rica.]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S1409-24332012000200005</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Nuevas medidas de compacidad geométrica para el diseño de zonas]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[New geometrical compactness measures for zones design]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rincón-García]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Eric A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gutiérrez-Andrade]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Miguel Ángel]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A02"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[de-los-Cobos-Silva]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Sergio G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A03"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lara-Velázquez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Pedro]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A04"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="A01">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Azcapotzalco Departamento de Sistemas ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ México D.F.]]></addr-line>
<country>México</country>
</aff>
<aff id="A02">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa Departamento de Ingeniería Eléctrica ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ México D.F.]]></addr-line>
<country>México</country>
</aff>
<aff id="A03">
<institution><![CDATA[,M.A. Gutiérrez  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="A04">
<institution><![CDATA[,E.A. Rincón  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>07</month>
<year>2012</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>07</month>
<year>2012</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>19</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<fpage>183</fpage>
<lpage>199</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1409-24332012000200005&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1409-24332012000200005&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1409-24332012000200005&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[El diseño de zonas compactas es un problema que ha sido estudiado por su influencia en la creación de zonas con formas regulares, las cuales resultan más fáciles de analizar, estudiar o administrar. En este trabajo se propone un nuevo método para medir la compacidad, mediante la transformación de los espacios geográficos originales, en figuras formadas con celdas cuadradas, las cuales son utilizadas para cuantificar la similitud entre la zona original y una zona ideal con contornos rectos. Este procedimiento fue aplicado para diseñar zonas electorales compactas, conexas y con equilibrio poblacional, en una configuración topográfica que favorece la creación de formas retorcidas y difusas. Los resultados obtenidos, muestran que el nuevo método favorece la creación de zonas con formas rectas, sin afectar, de manera importante el equilibrio poblacional, dando como resultado zonas de buena calidad tanto por su forma como por el número de habitantes que contiene.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[The design of compact zones has been studied because of its influence in the creation of zones with regular forms, which are easier to analyze, to investigate or to administer. This paper propose a new method to measure compactness,by means of the transformation of the original geographical spaces, into figures formed with square cells, which are used to measure the similarity between the original zone and an ideal zone with straight forms. The proposed method was applied to design electoral zones, which must satisfy constraints of compactness, contiguity and population balance, in a topographical configuration that favors the creation of twisted and diffuse shapes. The results show that the new method favors the creation of zones with straight forms, without an important effect to the population balance, which are considered zones of high quality.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Distritación]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[compacidad]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[recocido simulado]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[SIG]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Redistricting]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[compactness]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[simulated annealing]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[GIS]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><body><![CDATA[  <font 2="" size=""></font>     <div style="text-align: center; font-family: verdana;"><font 2=""  size=""><font size="-1"><font size="+1"><span  style="font-weight: bold;">Nuevas medidas de compacidad geom&eacute;trica para el dise&ntilde;o de zonas</span><br  style="font-weight: bold;"> <br style="font-weight: bold;"> <span style="font-weight: bold;">New geometrical compactness measures for zones design</span></font>     <br> </font></font></div> <font 2="" size=""><font size="-1"><br style="font-family: verdana;"> </font></font>     <div style="text-align: justify;"><font 2="" size=""><font size="-1"><span  style="font-family: verdana;">Eric A. Rinc&oacute;n-Garc&iacute;a<a  href="#Afiliacion1">*</a><a name="Afiliacion5"></a>+</span></font></font><br  style="font-family: verdana;"> <font 2="" size=""><font size="-1"><span style="font-family: verdana;">Miguel&nbsp; &Aacute;ngel Guti&eacute;rrez-Andrade<a href="#Afiliacion2">&#8224;</a><a  name="Afiliacion6"></a>*</span></font></font><br  style="font-family: verdana;"> <font 2="" size=""><font size="-1"><span style="font-family: verdana;">Sergio G. de-los-Cobos-Silva<a href="#Afiliacion3">&#8225;</a><a name="Afiliacion7"></a>*</span></font></font><br  style="font-family: verdana;"> <font 2="" size=""><font size="-1"><span style="font-family: verdana;">Pedro Lara-Vel&aacute;zquez<a href="#Afiliacion4">&sect;</a><a  name="Afiliacion8"></a>*</span></font></font><br  style="font-family: verdana;"> <font 2="" size=""><font size="-1"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><a  href="mailto:pedro_lara@correo.azc.uam.mx"></a>    <br> <a name="Correspondencia2"></a>*<a href="#Correspondencia1">Direcci&oacute;n para correspondencia</a><br style="font-family: verdana;"> </span></font></font><font 2="" size=""><font size="-1"></font></font><font  2=""><span style="font-family: verdana; font-weight: bold;"></span></font></div> <hr  style="width: 100%; height: 2px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px;">     <div style="text-align: justify;"><font 2=""><span  style="font-family: verdana; font-weight: bold;">Resumen</span></font><br  style="font-family: verdana;"> <font 2="" size=""><font size="-1"></font></font><br  style="font-family: verdana;"> <font 2="" size=""><font size="-1"><span style="font-family: verdana;">El dise&ntilde;o de zonas compactas es un problema que ha sido estudiado por su influencia en la creaci&oacute;n de zonas con formas regulares, las cuales resultan m&aacute;s f&aacute;ciles de analizar, estudiar o administrar. En este trabajo se propone un nuevo m&eacute;todo para medir la compacidad, mediante la transformaci&oacute;n de los espacios geogr&aacute;ficos originales, en figuras formadas con celdas cuadradas, las cuales son utilizadas para cuantificar la similitud entre la zona original y una zona ideal con contornos rectos. Este procedimiento fue aplicado para dise&ntilde;ar zonas electorales compactas, conexas y con equilibrio poblacional, en una configuraci&oacute;n topogr&aacute;fica que favorece la creaci&oacute;n de formas retorcidas y difusas. Los resultados obtenidos, muestran que el nuevo m&eacute;todo favorece la creaci&oacute;n de zonas con formas rectas, sin afectar, de manera importante el equilibrio poblacional, dando como resultado zonas de buena calidad tanto por su forma como por el n&uacute;mero de habitantes que contiene.</span></font></font><br  style="font-family: verdana;"> <font 2="" size=""><font size="-1"></font></font><br  style="font-family: verdana;"> <font 2="" size=""><font size="-1"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span  style="font-weight: bold;">Palabras clave:</span> Distritaci&oacute;n, compacidad, recocido simulado, SIG.</span></font></font><br  style="font-family: verdana;"> <font 2="" size=""><font size="-1"></font></font><br  style="font-family: verdana;"> <font 2="" size=""><font size="-1"></font></font><font 2=""><span  style="font-family: verdana; font-weight: bold;">Abstract</span></font><br  style="font-family: verdana; font-weight: bold;"> <font 2="" size=""><font size="-1"></font></font><br  style="font-family: verdana;"> <font 2="" size=""><font size="-1"><span style="font-family: verdana;">The design of compact zones has been studied because of its influence in the creation of zones with regular forms, which are easier to analyze, to investigate or to administer. This paper propose a new method to measure compactness,by means of the transformation of the original geographical spaces, into figures formed with square cells, which are used to measure the similarity between the original zone and an ideal zone with straight forms. The proposed method was applied to design electoral zones, which must satisfy constraints of compactness, contiguity and population balance, in a topographical configuration that favors the creation of twisted and diffuse shapes. The results show that the new method favors the creation of zones with straight forms, without an important effect to the population balance, which are considered zones of high quality.</span></font></font><br  style="font-family: verdana;"> </div> <font 2="" size=""><font size="-1"><br style="font-family: verdana;"> </font></font>     <div style="text-align: justify;"><font 2="" size=""><font size="-1"><span  style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-weight: bold;">Keywords: </span>Redistricting, compactness, simulated annealing, GIS.</span></font></font><br  style="font-family: verdana;"> <font 2="" size=""><font size="-1"></font></font><br  style="font-family: verdana;"> <font 2="" size=""><font size="-1"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span  style="font-weight: bold;">Mathematics Subject Classification:</span> 90C59, 90C29, 68T20.</span></font></font>    <br> <font 2="" size=""><font size="-1"><span style="font-family: verdana;"></span></font></font>    <br> <font 2="" size=""><font size="-1"><span style="font-family: verdana;"></span></font></font></div> <hr  style="width: 100%; height: 2px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px;">     <div style="text-align: justify;"><font 2="" size=""><font size="-1"><span  style="font-family: verdana;"></span></font></font>    ]]></body>
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(2003) &#8220;Convex land acquisition with zero-one programming&#8221;, <span  style="font-style: italic;">Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design</span> <span style="font-weight: bold;">30</span>: 255&#8211;270.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=1933295&pid=S1409-2433201200020000500012&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><br>     <br> <a name="Correspondencia1"></a><a href="#Correspondencia2">*</a>Correspondencia a: </span></font></font><font 2="" size=""><font size="-1"><span  style="font-family: verdana;">Eric A. Rinc&oacute;n-Garc&iacute;a. </span></font></font><font 2="" size=""><font  size="-1"><span style="font-family: verdana;">Universidad Aut&oacute;noma Metropolitana-Azcapotzalco, Departamento de Sistemas, Av. San Pablo 180 Col. Reynosa Tamaulipas C.P. 02200, M&eacute;xico D.F., M&eacute;xico. E-Mail: <a href="mailto:caracol%20loco@yahoo.com">caracol loco@yahoo.com</a></span></font></font>    <br> <font 2="" size=""><font size="-1"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><br  style="font-family: verdana;"> </span></font></font><font 2="" size=""><font size="-1"> <span style="font-family: verdana;">Miguel&nbsp; &Aacute;ngel Guti&eacute;rrez-Andrade. </span></font></font><font 2="" size=""><font  size="-1"><span style="font-family: verdana;">Universidad Aut&oacute;noma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Departamento de Ingenier&iacute;a El&eacute;ctrica, Av. Michoac&acute;an y La Pur&acute;&#305;sima s/n, Col. Vicentina, Del. Iztapalapa, M&eacute;xico </span><span  style="font-family: verdana;">D.F. C.P. 09340, M&eacute;xico. E-Mail: <a href="mailto:gamma@xanum.uam.mx">gamma@xanum.uam.mx</a></span></font></font>    <br> <font 2="" size=""><font size="-1"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><br  style="font-family: verdana;"> </span></font></font><font 2="" size=""><font size="-1"> <span style="font-family: verdana;">Sergio G. de-los-Cobos-Silva. </span></font></font><font  2="" size=""><font size="-1"><span style="font-family: verdana;">Misma direcci&oacute;n que/<span style="font-style: italic;">Same address as</span>: M.A. Gutierrez. E-Mail: <a  href="mailto:cobos@xanum.uam.mx">cobos@xanum.uam.mx</a>    <br>     <br> </span></font></font><font 2="" size=""><font size="-1"><span  style="font-family: verdana;">Pedro Lara-Velazquez. </span></font></font><font  2="" size=""><font size="-1"><span style="font-family: verdana;">Misma direcci&oacute;n que/<span style="font-style: italic;">Same address as</span>: E.A. Rinc&oacute;n. E-Mail: <a href="mailto:pedro_lara@correo.azc.uam.mx">pedro_lara@correo.azc.uam.mx</a>    ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<br>     <br> </span></font></font><font 2="" size=""><font size="-1"><span  style="font-family: verdana;"><a name="Afiliacion1"></a><a  href="#Afiliacion5">*</a>Universidad Aut&oacute;noma Metropolitana-Azcapotzalco, Departamento de Sistemas, Av. San Pablo 180 Col. Reynosa Tamaulipas C.P. 02200, M&eacute;xico D.F., M&eacute;xico. E-Mail: <a href="mailto:caracol%20loco@yahoo.com">caracol loco@yahoo.com</a></span></font></font><br style="font-family: verdana;"> <font 2="" size=""><font size="-1"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><a  name="Afiliacion2"></a><a href="#Afiliacion6">&#8224;</a>Universidad Aut&oacute;noma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Departamento de Ingenier&iacute;a El&eacute;ctrica, Av. Michoac&aacute;n y La Pur&iacute;sima s/n, Col. Vicentina, Del. Iztapalapa, M&eacute;xico </span><span  style="font-family: verdana;">D.F. C.P. 09340, M&eacute;xico. E-Mail: <a href="mailto:gamma@xanum.uam.mx">gamma@xanum.uam.mx</a></span></font></font><br  style="font-family: verdana;"> <font 2="" size=""><font size="-1"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><a  name="Afiliacion3"></a><a href="#Afiliacion7">&#8225;</a>Misma direcci&oacute;n que/<span style="font-style: italic;">Same address as</span>: M.A. Guti&eacute;rrez. E-Mail: <a  href="mailto:cobos@xanum.uam.mx">cobos@xanum.uam.mx</a></span></font></font><br  style="font-family: verdana;"> <font 2="" size=""><font size="-1"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><a  name="Afiliacion4"></a><a href="#Afiliacion8">&sect;</a>Misma direcci&oacute;n que/<span style="font-style: italic;">Same address as</span>: E.A. Rinc&oacute;n. E-Mail: <a href="mailto:pedro_lara@correo.azc.uam.mx">pedro_lara@correo.azc.uam.mx</a></span></font></font><font  2="" size=""><font size="-1"><span style="font-family: verdana;"> </span></font></font><font  2="" size=""><font size="-1"><span style="font-family: verdana;"></span></font></font><font  2="" size=""><font size="-1"><span style="font-family: verdana;"></span></font></font></div> <font 2="" size=""><font size="-1"></font></font><span  style="font-family: verdana; font-weight: bold;"></span>     <div style="text-align: center;"><font 2="" size=""><font size="-1"></font></font> <hr style="width: 100%; height: 2px;"><font 2="" size=""><font size="-1"><span  style="font-family: verdana; font-weight: bold;">Received: 16 Dec 2009; Revised: 10 Nov 2011; Accepted: 10 May 2012</span></font></font><font  2="" size=""></font></div>      ]]></body><back>
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