<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>1409-2433</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista de Matemática Teoría y Aplicaciones]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Rev. Mat]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>1409-2433</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Centro de Investigaciones en Matemática Pura y Aplicada (CIMPA) y Escuela de Matemática, San José, Costa Rica.]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S1409-24332011000100005</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Identificación de las respuestas de redes neuronales cerebrales y artificiales ante la presencia de estímulos frecuentes e infrecuentes mediante filtros de tipo kalman]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Heuristics for solving the multiple problem Identification of the responses of brain and artificial neural networks in the presence of usual and unusual stimuli by means of kalman-type filters]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cardo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Romina]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Corvalán]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Alvaro]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A02"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="A01">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Nacional de General Sarmiento  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Buenos Aires ]]></addr-line>
<country>Argentina</country>
</aff>
<aff id="A02">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Nacional de General Sarmiento  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2011</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2011</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>18</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<fpage>49</fpage>
<lpage>62</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1409-24332011000100005&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1409-24332011000100005&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1409-24332011000100005&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Consideramos el problema de la obtención de información acerca del reconocimiento de incongruencias con patrones lógicos ya impresos de una subred de una red neuronal, ya sea cerebral, o diseñada artificialmente, mediante la medición de los potenciales evocados (PE) cerebrales. Uno de los objetivos ulteriores, es la detección de inconsistencias lógicas del discurso, no puramente semánticas, sino del reconocimiento de frases no coherentes con una línea de relato. La posibilidad del uso, con este fin, de PE obtenidos de electrodos ubicados superficialmente sobre el cuero cabelludo sería interesante: serían obtenidas conclusiones relevantes a partir de un método no-invasivo y mediante un equipamiento que es relativamente económico, de fácil transporte e instalación. La alternativa que proponemos es la utilización de filtros tipo Kalman (con necesarias modificaciones). La idea es tratar a la respuesta evocada como una variable no accesible, con una relación (no lineal, pero localmente linealizable) respecto de la variable mensurable. Estudiamos, como ejemplo guía, la evolución de una variable que mide, en una red neuronal de atractores tipo Hopfield, el ajuste entre el estado de una subred asociada al reconocimiento de ciertos patrones, luego de una cantidad prefijada de iteraciones.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[We consider the problem of obtaining information about the recognition of logical inconsistencies with already imprinted patterns of a subnetwork of a neural network, both cerebral and artificially designed, by means of the measurement of the event related potentials (ERP). One of the subsequent aims, it is the detection of logical inconsistencies of the speech, not purely semantic, but of the recognition of not coherent phrases with a story line. The possibility of the use, with this goal, of ERP obtained of superficially located electrodes on the scalp would be interesting: relevant conclusions would be obtained from a non-invasive method and by means of equipment that is relatively economic, easily transportable and installable. The alternative that we propose is the utilization of Kalman type filters (with necessary modifications). The idea is to deal with the evoked response as a not accessible variable, with a relation (non linear, but locally linealizable) respect to the measurable variable. We study, as guide example, the evolution of a variable that measures, in a neural network of type Hopfield attractors, the adjustment between the conditions of a subnetwork associated with the recognition of some patterns, after a quantity prearranged of iterations.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[potenciales evocados cerebrales]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[procesamiento de señales]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[filtros de Kalman]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[redes neuronales]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[neurociencia cognitiva]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[event related potentials]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[signal processing]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Kalman filters]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[neural networks]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[cognitive neuroscience]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><body><![CDATA[ <div style="text-align: center;"><font size="4"><span  style="font-family: verdana; font-weight: bold;">Identificaci&oacute;n de las respuestas de redes neuronales cerebrales y artificiales ante la presencia de est&iacute;mulos frecuentes e infrecuentes mediante filtros de tipo kalman</span></font>    <br>     <br> <font size="4"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-weight: bold;">Heuristics for solving the multiple problem Identification of the responses of brain and artificial neural networks in the presence of usual and unusual stimuli by means of kalman-type filters</span></font><br  style="font-family: verdana;"> </div> <font size="2"><br style="font-family: verdana;"> </font>     <div style="text-align: justify;"><font size="2"><span  style="font-family: verdana;">Romina Cardo<sup><a href="#autor1">*</a></sup></span></font>    <br> <font size="2"><span style="font-family: verdana;">Alvaro Corval&aacute;n<sup><a href="#autor2">&#8224;</a></sup></span></font><br  style="font-family: verdana;"> </div> <font size="2"><br style="font-family: verdana;"> <span style="font-family: verdana;"><a name="autor1"></a>*Universidad Nacional de General Sarmiento, Los Polvorines, Provincia de Buenos </span><span style="font-family: verdana;">Aires, Rep&uacute;blica Argentina. E-Mail: <a href="mailto:rcardo@ungs.edu.ar">rcardo@ungs.edu.ar</a></span><br  style="font-family: verdana;"> <span style="font-family: verdana;"><a name="autor2"></a>&#8224;Misma direcci&oacute;n que/same address as R. Cardo, E-Mail: <a href="mailto:acorvala@ungs.edu.ar">acorvala@ungs.edu.ar</a>    <br>     <br> <a href="#correspondencia">Direcci&oacute;n para correspondencia</a><br  style="font-family: verdana;"> </span><br style="font-family: verdana;"> </font>     <div style="text-align: justify;"><font size="2"><font size="3"><span  style="font-family: verdana; font-weight: bold;"></span></font></font> <hr style="width: 100%; height: 2px;"><font size="2"><font size="3"><span  style="font-family: verdana; font-weight: bold;">Resumen</span></font></font>    <br> <br style="font-family: verdana;"> <font size="2"><span style="font-family: verdana;">Consideramos el problema de la obtenci&oacute;n de informaci&oacute;n acerca del reconocimiento de incongruencias con patrones l&oacute;gicos ya impresos de una subred de una red neuronal, ya sea cerebral, o dise&ntilde;ada artificialmente, mediante la medici&oacute;n de los&nbsp; potenciales evocados (PE) cerebrales. Uno de los objetivos ulteriores, es la detecci&oacute;n de inconsistencias l&oacute;gicas del discurso, no puramente sem&aacute;nticas, sino del reconocimiento de frases no coherentes con una l&iacute;nea de relato. La posibilidad del uso,&nbsp; con este fin, de PE obtenidos de electrodos ubicados superficialmente sobre el cuero&nbsp; cabelludo ser&iacute;a interesante: ser&iacute;an obtenidas conclusiones relevantes a partir de un&nbsp; m&eacute;todo no-invasivo y mediante un equipamiento que es relativamente econ&oacute;mico, de&nbsp; f&aacute;cil transporte e instalaci&oacute;n. La alternativa que proponemos es la utilizaci&oacute;n de filtros&nbsp; tipo Kalman (con necesarias modificaciones). La idea es tratar a la respuesta evocada&nbsp; como una variable no accesible, con una relaci&oacute;n (no lineal, pero localmente&nbsp; linealizable) respecto de la variable mensurable. Estudiamos, como ejemplo gu&iacute;a, la&nbsp; evoluci&oacute;n de una variable que mide, en una red neuronal de atractores tipo Hopfield, el&nbsp; ajuste entre el estado de una subred asociada al reconocimiento de ciertos patrones,&nbsp; luego de una cantidad prefijada de iteraciones.</span></font><br style="font-family: verdana;"> <br style="font-family: verdana;"> <font size="2"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span  style="font-weight: bold;">Palabras clave:</span> potenciales evocados cerebrales, procesamiento de se&ntilde;ales, filtros de&nbsp; Kalman, redes neuronales, neurociencia cognitiva.</span></font><br style="font-family: verdana;">     <br> <font size="2"><font size="3"><span  style="font-family: verdana; font-weight: bold;">Abstract</span></font></font>    ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<br> <br style="font-family: verdana;"> <font size="2"><span style="font-family: verdana;">We consider the problem of obtaining information about the recognition of logical&nbsp; inconsistencies with already imprinted patterns of a subnetwork of a neural network,&nbsp; both cerebral and artificially designed, by means of the measurement of the event&nbsp; related potentials (ERP). One of the subsequent aims, it is the detection of logical inconsistencies of the speech, not purely semantic, but of the recognition of not&nbsp; coherent phrases with a story line. The possibility of the use, with this goal, of ERP&nbsp; obtained of superficially located electrodes on the scalp would be interesting: relevant&nbsp; conclusions would be obtained from a non-invasive method and by means of&nbsp; equipment that is relatively economic, easily transportable and installable. The alternative that we propose is the utilization of Kalman type filters (with necessary&nbsp; modifications). The idea is to deal with the evoked response as a not accessible&nbsp; variable, with a relation (non linear, but locally linealizable) respect to the measurable&nbsp; variable. We study, as guide example, the evolution of a variable that measures, in a&nbsp; neural network of type Hopfield attractors, the adjustment between the conditions of a&nbsp; subnetwork associated with the recognition of some patterns, after a quantity prearranged of iterations.</span></font><br  style="font-family: verdana;"> <br style="font-family: verdana;"> <font size="2"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span  style="font-weight: bold;">Keywords:</span> event related potentials, signal processing, Kalman filters, neural networks, cognitive neuroscience.</span></font>    <br> <br style="font-family: verdana;"> <font size="2"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span  style="font-weight: bold;">Mathematics Subject Classification:</span> 92C55, 62P10, 92B20, 82C32.    <br>     <br> </span></font> <hr style="width: 100%; height: 2px;">    <br> <font size="2"><span style="font-family: verdana;">Ver contenido disponible en pdf    <br>     <br> </span></font> <hr style="width: 100%; height: 2px;">&nbsp;<font size="2"><font  size="3"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-weight: bold;">Referencias</span></font></font>    <!-- ref --><br> <br style="font-family: verdana;"> <font size="2"><span style="font-family: verdana;">[1] Kalman, R.E. (1960) &#8220;A new approach to linear filtering and prediction problems&#8221;, Journal of Basic Engineering 82(1): 35&#8211;45.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=1948750&pid=S1409-2433201100010000500001&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --></span></font>    <!-- ref --><br> <br style="font-family: verdana;"> <font size="2"><span style="font-family: verdana;">[2] Kalman, R.E.; Bucy, R.S. (1961) &#8220;New results in linear filtering and prediction theory&#8221;, Journal of Basic Engineering, Maroh.: 95&#8211;108.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=1948752&pid=S1409-2433201100010000500002&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --></span></font>    <!-- ref --><br> <br style="font-family: verdana;"> <font size="2"><span style="font-family: verdana;">[3] N&uacute;&ntilde;ez-Pe&ntilde;a, M.I.; Corral, M.J.; Escera, C. (2004) &#8220;Potenciales evocados cerebrales en el contexto de la investigaci&oacute;n psicol&oacute;gica: una actualizaci&oacute;n&#8221;, Anuario de&nbsp; Psicolog&iacute;a 35(1): 3&#8211;21.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=1948754&pid=S1409-2433201100010000500003&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --></span></font>    <br> <font size="2"><span style="font-family: verdana;">&nbsp;</span></font>    <!-- ref --><br> <font size="2"><span style="font-family: verdana;">[4] G&oacute;mez, C.; Escera, C.; Cilveti, R.; Polo, M.D.; D&iacute;az, R.; Portavella, M. (1992)&nbsp; &#8220;Localizaci&oacute;n neuroel&eacute;ctrica de procesos cognitivos&#8221;, Anuario de Psicolog&iacute;a 54: 77&#8211;96.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=1948757&pid=S1409-2433201100010000500004&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --></span></font><br  style="font-family: verdana;"> <br style="font-family: verdana;"> <font size="2"><span style="font-family: verdana;">[5] Gershenfeld, N. (2006) The Nature of Mathematical Modeling. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=1948758&pid=S1409-2433201100010000500005&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --></span></font>    <!-- ref --><br> <br style="font-family: verdana;"> <font size="2"><span style="font-family: verdana;">[6] Linden, D.E.J. (2005) &#8220;The P300: where in the brain is it produced and what does it&nbsp; tell us?&#8221;, The Neuroscientist Review 11(6): 1073&#8211;8584.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=1948760&pid=S1409-2433201100010000500006&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --></span></font><br style="font-family: verdana;"> <br style="font-family: verdana;"> <font size="2"><span style="font-family: verdana;">[7] Gevins, A.S. (1987) &#8220;Correlation analysis&#8221;, in A.S. Gevins &amp; A. Remond (Eds.) Methods of Analysis of Brain Electrical and Magnetic Signals, Elsevier, Amsterdam:&nbsp;&nbsp; 355&#8211;403.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=1948761&pid=S1409-2433201100010000500007&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --></span></font>    ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<!-- ref --><br> <br style="font-family: verdana;"> <font size="2"><span style="font-family: verdana;">[8] Coles, Gratton y Fabiani (1990) &#8220;Event-related brain potentials&#8221;, in J.T. Cacioppo &amp;&nbsp; L.G. Tassinary (Eds.) Principles of Psychophysiology, Cambridge University Press,&nbsp; Cambridge, MA.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=1948763&pid=S1409-2433201100010000500008&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --></span></font>    <!-- ref --><br> <br style="font-family: verdana;"> <font size="2"><span style="font-family: verdana;">[9] Donchin, Ritter y McCallum (1978) &#8220;Cognitive pschophysiology, The Endogenous components of the ERP&#8221;, in E. Callaway, P. Tuenting &amp; Koslow (Eds.) Brain Event- Related Potentials in Man, Academic Press, New York: 349&#8211;441    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=1948765&pid=S1409-2433201100010000500009&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><br>     <br> </span></font>     <div style="text-align: left;"><font size="2"><span  style="font-family: verdana;"></span></font><font size="2"><span  style="font-family: verdana;"></span></font>    <br> <font size="2"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><a  name="correspondencia"></a>Correspondencia a: </span></font><font  size="2"><span style="font-family: verdana;">Romina Cardo. </span></font><font  size="2"><span style="font-family: verdana;">Universidad Nacional de General Sarmiento, Los Polvorines, Provincia de Buenos </span><span style="font-family: verdana;">Aires, Rep&uacute;blica Argentina. E-Mail: <a href="mailto:rcardo@ungs.edu.ar">rcardo@ungs.edu.ar</a></span></font>    <br> <font size="2"><span style="font-family: verdana;"></span></font><font  size="2"><span style="font-family: verdana;">Alvaro Corval&aacute;n. </span></font><font size="2"><span  style="font-family: verdana;">Misma direcci&oacute;n que/same address as R. Cardo, E-Mail: <a href="mailto:acorvala@ungs.edu.ar">acorvala@ungs.edu.ar</a></span></font></div> </div> <font size="2"> </font>     <div style="text-align: center;"><font size="2"><span  style="font-family: verdana;"></span></font> <hr style="width: 100%; height: 2px;"><font size="2"><span  style="font-family: verdana;">Received: 18 Feb 2010; Revised: 5 Aug 2010; Accepted: 10 Nov 2010</span></font>    <br> </div> <font size="2"><br style="font-family: verdana;"> </font>     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<br>      ]]></body><back>
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</article>
