<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>1409-2433</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista de Matemática Teoría y Aplicaciones]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Rev. Mat]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>1409-2433</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Centro de Investigaciones en Matemática Pura y Aplicada (CIMPA) y Escuela de Matemática, San José, Costa Rica.]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S1409-24332011000100003</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Curvas ROC y vecinos cercanos, propuesta de un nuevo algoritmo de condensación]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jiménez-Padilla]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Raquel]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cuevas-Covarrubias]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Carlos]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A02"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="A01">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Anáhuac Centro de Investigación en Estadística y Matemáticas Aplicadas ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>México</country>
</aff>
<aff id="A02">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Anáhuac Centro de Investigación en Estadística y Matemáticas Aplicadas ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>México</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2011</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2011</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>18</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<fpage>21</fpage>
<lpage>32</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1409-24332011000100003&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1409-24332011000100003&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1409-24332011000100003&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Los criterios k-NN son algoritmos no paramétricos de clasificación estadística. Son precisos, versátiles y libres de distirbución. Sin embargo su costo computacional puede ser demasiado alto; especialmente con tamaños de muestra grandes. Presentamos un nuevo algoritmo de condensación que, basado en el modelo Binormal para curvas ROC, permite transformar la base de entrenamiento en un conjunto pequeño de vectores de baja dimensíón. A diferencia de otras técnicas descritas en la literatura, nuestra propuesta permite controlar el intercambio de precisión por reducción de la base de entrenamiento. Un estudio de Monte Carlo muestra que el desempeño del método popuesto puede ser muy competente, superando en diversos escenarios realistas al de otros métodos frecuentemente utilizados.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[k-NN criteria are non parametric methods of statistical classificaction. They are accurate, versatile and distribution free. However, their computational cost may be too expensive; especially for large sample sizes. We present a new condensation algorithm based on the Binormal model for ROC curves. It transforms the training sample into a small set of low dimensional vetors. Contrasting with other condensation techniques described in the literature, our proposal helps to control the exchange of accuracy for condensation on the training sample. The results of a Monte Carlo study show that its performance can be very competitive in different realistic scenarios, resulting in better training samples than other frequently used methods.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[clasificación estadística]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[área bajo la curva ROC]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[modelo binormal]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[vecinos cercanos]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[condensación]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Monte Carlo]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[statistical classification]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[area under the ROC curve]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[nearest neighbours]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[condensation]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Monte Carlo]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><body><![CDATA[ <div style="text-align: center;"><font size="4"><span  style="font-family: verdana; font-weight: bold;">Curvas ROC y vecinos cercanos, propuesta de un nuevo algoritmo de condensaci&oacute;n</span></font><br style="font-family: verdana;"> </div> <font size="2"><br style="font-family: verdana;"> </font>     <div style="text-align: justify;"><font size="2"><span  style="font-family: verdana;">Raquel Jim&eacute;nez&#8211;Padilla<sup><a  href="#autor1">*</a></sup></span></font>    <br> <font size="2"><span style="font-family: verdana;">Carlos Cuevas&#8211;Covarrubias<sup><a href="#autor2">&#8224;</a></sup></span></font>    <br> </div> <font size="2">    <br> <span style="font-family: verdana;"><a name="autor1"></a>*Centro de Investigaci&oacute;n en Estad&iacute;stica y Matem&aacute;ticas Aplicadas, Universidad An&aacute;huac, M&eacute;xico. E-Mail: <a href="mailto:dirlem@hotmail.com">dirlem@hotmail.com</a></span>    <br> <span style="font-family: verdana;"><a name="autor2"></a>&#8224;Centro de Investigaci&oacute;n en Estad&iacute;stica y Matem&aacute;ticas Aplicadas, Universidad </span><span  style="font-family: verdana;">An&aacute;huac, M&eacute;xico. E-Mail: <a href="mailto:ccuevas@anahuac.mx">ccuevas@anahuac.mx</a>    <br>     <br> <a href="#correspondencia">Direcci&oacute;n para correspondencia</a><br  style="font-family: verdana;"> </span>    <br> </font>     <div style="text-align: justify;"><font size="2"><font size="3"><span  style="font-family: verdana; font-weight: bold;"></span></font></font> <hr style="width: 100%; height: 2px;"><font size="2"><font size="3"><span  style="font-family: verdana; font-weight: bold;">Resumen</span></font></font>    ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<br> <br style="font-family: verdana;"> <font size="2"><span style="font-family: verdana;">Los criterios k-NN son algoritmos no param&eacute;tricos de clasificaci&oacute;n estad&iacute;stica. Son&nbsp; precisos, vers&aacute;tiles y libres de distirbuci&oacute;n. Sin embargo su costo computacional puede&nbsp; ser demasiado alto; especialmente con tama&ntilde;os de muestra grandes. Presentamos un&nbsp; nuevo algoritmo de condensaci&oacute;n que, basado en el modelo Binormal para curvas ROC,&nbsp; permite transformar la base de entrenamiento en un conjunto peque&ntilde;o de vectores de&nbsp; baja dimens&iacute;&oacute;n. A diferencia de otras t&eacute;cnicas descritas en la literatura, nuestra&nbsp; propuesta permite controlar el intercambio de precisi&oacute;n por reducci&oacute;n de la base de&nbsp; entrenamiento. Un estudio de Monte Carlo muestra que el desempe&ntilde;o del m&eacute;todo&nbsp; popuesto puede ser muy competente, superando en diversos escenarios realistas al de&nbsp; otros m&eacute;todos frecuentemente utilizados.</span></font>    <br> <br style="font-family: verdana;"> <font size="2"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span  style="font-weight: bold;">Palabras clave:</span> clasificaci&oacute;n estad&iacute;stica, &aacute;rea bajo la curva ROC, modelo binormal,&nbsp; vecinos cercanos, condensaci&oacute;n, Monte Carlo.</span></font>    <br> <br style="font-family: verdana;"> <font size="2"><font size="3"><span  style="font-family: verdana; font-weight: bold;">Abstract</span></font></font>    <br> <br style="font-family: verdana;"> <font size="2"><span style="font-family: verdana;">k-NN criteria are non parametric methods of statistical classificaction. They are&nbsp; accurate, versatile and distribution free. However, their computational cost may be too expensive; especially for large sample sizes. We present a new condensation algorithm based on the Binormal model for ROC curves. It transforms the training sample into a small set of low dimensional vetors. Contrasting with other condensation techniques described in the literature, our proposal helps to control the exchange of accuracy for condensation on the training sample. The results of a Monte Carlo study show that its performance can be very competitive in different realistic scenarios, resulting in better training samples than other frequently used methods.</span></font>    <br> <br style="font-family: verdana;"> <font size="2"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span  style="font-weight: bold;">Keywords:</span> statistical classification, area under the ROC curve, nearest neighbours, condensation, Monte Carlo.</span></font>    <br> <br style="font-family: verdana;"> <font size="2"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span  style="font-weight: bold;">Mathematics Subject Classification:</span> 62H30.    <br>     <br> </span></font> <hr style="width: 100%; height: 2px;"><font size="2"><span  style="font-family: verdana;">    <br> </span></font><font size="2"><span style="font-family: verdana;">Ver contenido disponible en pdf</span></font><br  style="font-family: verdana;"> <br style="font-family: verdana;"> <font size="2"><font size="3"><span  style="font-family: verdana; font-weight: bold;"></span></font></font> <hr style="width: 100%; height: 2px;"><font size="2"><font size="3"><span  style="font-family: verdana; font-weight: bold;">Referencias</span></font></font>    <!-- ref --><br> <br style="font-family: verdana;"> <font size="2"><span style="font-family: verdana;">[1] Bamber, D. (1975) &#8220;The area above the ordinal dominance graph and the area below the receiver operating characteristic graph&#8221;, Journal of Mathematical and Statistical Psicology 12(4): 387&#8211;415.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=1948759&pid=S1409-2433201100010000300001&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --></span></font>    <!-- ref --><br> <br style="font-family: verdana;"> <font size="2"><span style="font-family: verdana;">[2] Cuevas-Covarrubias, C. (2003) Statistical Inference for ROC Curves. Tesis de Doctorado, Departamento de Estad&iacute;stica, Universidad de Warwick, Coventry, Reino Unido.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=1948761&pid=S1409-2433201100010000300002&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><br>     <!-- ref --><br> </span></font><font size="2"><span style="font-family: verdana;">[3] Cuevas-Covarrubias, C.; Monroy, V.; Ortega, V. (2008) &#8220;Aplicaci&oacute;n de un&nbsp; algoritmo k-NN para la gesti&oacute;n del capital humano. Predicci&oacute;n del desempe&ntilde;o y detecci&oacute;n de competencias cr&iacute;ticas en el desarrollo del personal&#8221;, Preprint, Up-Pharma, Ciudad de M&eacute;xico, M&eacute;xico.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=1948763&pid=S1409-2433201100010000300003&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --></span></font>    <!-- ref --><br> <br style="font-family: verdana;"> <font size="2"><span style="font-family: verdana;">[4] Dorfman, D.D.; Alf, E. Jr. (1969) &#8220;Maximum likelihood estimation of parameters of&nbsp; signal-detection theory and determination of confidence intervals-rating-method data&#8221;, Journal of Mathematical Psychology 6(3): 487&#8211;496.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=1948765&pid=S1409-2433201100010000300004&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --></span></font><br style="font-family: verdana;">     <!-- ref --><br> <font size="2"><span style="font-family: verdana;">[5] Guo, G.; Wang, H.; Bell, D.; Bi, Y.; Greer, K. (2003) &#8220;KNN modelbased approach in&nbsp; classification&#8221;, in: On The Move to Meaningful Internet Systems 2003: CoopIS, DOA, and ODBASE, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Volume 2888, Springer, Berlin: 986&#8211;996.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=1948767&pid=S1409-2433201100010000300005&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --></span></font>    <!-- ref --><br> <br style="font-family: verdana;"> <font size="2"><span style="font-family: verdana;">[6] Hand, D.J. (1994) &#8220;Assessing classification rules&#8221;, Journal of Applied Statistics 21: 3&#8211;16.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=1948769&pid=S1409-2433201100010000300006&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --></span></font>    <!-- ref --><br> <br style="font-family: verdana;"> <font size="2"><span style="font-family: verdana;">[7] Hanley, J.A.; McNeil, B.J. (1982) &#8220;The meaning and use of the area under the under a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve&#8221;, Radiology 143: 29&#8211;36.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=1948771&pid=S1409-2433201100010000300007&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --></span></font>    <!-- ref --><br> <br style="font-family: verdana;"> <font size="2"><span style="font-family: verdana;">[8] Henley, W.E.; Hand, D.J. (1996) &#8220;A k-nearest-neighbour classifier for assessing consumer credit risk&#8221;, The Statistician, 45(1): 77&#8211;95.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=1948773&pid=S1409-2433201100010000300008&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --></span></font>    <!-- ref --><br> <br style="font-family: verdana;"> <font size="2"><span style="font-family: verdana;">[9] Krzanowski, W.J.; Hand, D.J. (2009) ROC Curves for Continuous Data. Chapman &amp; Hall/CRC, Londres, Reino Unido.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=1948775&pid=S1409-2433201100010000300009&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --></span></font>    <!-- ref --><br> <br style="font-family: verdana;"> <font size="2"><span style="font-family: verdana;">[10] Zweig, M.H.; Campbell, G. (1993) &#8220;Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) plots:&nbsp; a fundamental evaluation tool in clinical medicine&#8221;, Clin. Chem., 39(4): 561&#8211;577.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=1948777&pid=S1409-2433201100010000300010&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><br>     <br>     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<br> </span></font>     <div style="text-align: left;"><font size="2"><span  style="font-family: verdana;"><a name="correspondencia"></a>Correspondencia a:</span></font><font size="2"><span style="font-family: verdana;"> Raquel Jim&eacute;nez&#8211;Padilla. </span></font><font size="2"><span  style="font-family: verdana;">Centro de Investigaci&oacute;n en Estad&iacute;stica y Matem&aacute;ticas Aplicadas, Universidad An&aacute;huac, M&eacute;xico. E-Mail: <a href="mailto:dirlem@hotmail.com">dirlem@hotmail.com</a></span></font> </div> </div>     <div style="text-align: left;"><font size="2"><span  style="font-family: verdana;">Carlos Cuevas&#8211;Covarrubias. </span></font><font size="2"><span  style="font-family: verdana;">Centro de Investigaci&oacute;n en Estad&iacute;stica y Matem&aacute;ticas Aplicadas, Universidad </span><span  style="font-family: verdana;">An&aacute;huac, M&eacute;xico. E-Mail: <a href="mailto:ccuevas@anahuac.mx">ccuevas@anahuac.mx</a></span></font></div>     <div style="text-align: center;"><font size="2"><span  style="font-family: verdana;"></span></font> <hr style="width: 100%; height: 2px;"><font size="2"><span  style="font-family: verdana;">Received: 18 Feb 2010; Revised: 3 Nov 2010; Accepted: 10 Nov 2010</span></font>    <br> </div> <font size="2"><br style="font-family: verdana;"> </font>     <br>      ]]></body><back>
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<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) plots: a fundamental evaluation tool in clinical medicine]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Clin. Chem]]></source>
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