<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0377-9424</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Agronomía Costarricense]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Agron. Costarricense]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0377-9424</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad de Costa Rica. Colegio de Ingenieros y Agrónomos. Ministerio de Agricultura y Ganadería]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0377-94242018000100049</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15517/rac.v42i1.32197</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Pruebas de identidad y paternidad en ganado brahman registrado de Costa Rica]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Identity and parentage testing in registered Brahman cattle of Costa Rica]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Campos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Jorge]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vargas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Bernardo]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Camacho]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Jorge]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cruz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Argerie]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Nacional  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Costa Rica</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Instituto Nacional de Innovación y Transferencia en Tecnología Agropecuaria  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Costa Rica</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2018</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2018</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>42</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<fpage>49</fpage>
<lpage>62</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0377-94242018000100049&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0377-94242018000100049&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0377-94242018000100049&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen En programas de evaluación genética es indispensable la correcta identificación de los individuos de la población y la certeza de sus relaciones de parentesco. El objetivo de este estudio fue implementar pruebas de identificación y verificación de paternidad mediante 18 marcadores microsatélite en ganado registrado de raza Brahman de Costa Rica. Inicialmente, se calcularon parámetros genéticos poblacionales a partir del análisis de 950 muestras de ADN (7 sementales, 788 vacas y 155 crías) colectadas durante los años 2015/2016, procedentes de 13 hatos de ganado registrado. Los promedios de heterocigosidad observada y esperada fueron de 0,67 y 0,70, respectivamente. El índice de fijación fue de 4%, con desviaciones significativas del equilibrio Hardy-Weinberg (EHW) en 9 de los 18 loci. Todos los marcadores, excepto ETH225, presentaron contenido de información polimórfica mayor a 0,50. La probabilidad de identidad combinada con todos los marcadores fue 2,4×10-17 para individuos seleccionados aleatoriamente y 2,6×10-7 para hermanos completos. Las probabilidades de exclusión combinada fueron superiores a 0,999. Todos estos parámetros presentaron valores satisfactorios para la realización de pruebas de identidad y paternidad. Seguidamente, se realizaron pruebas de confirmación de paternidad en 137 crías con padre y/o madre reportados procedentes de 3 hatos. Los porcentajes de rechazo de paternidad basados en el principio de exclusión (al menos 2 loci discordantes) vs. índices críticos de verosimilitud, fueron respectivamente: 18,2% vs. 24,1% para las madres, 14,0% vs. 12,5% para los padres, y 34,6% vs. 26,3% para los tríos. Se observaron diferencias significativas entre hatos para el porcentaje de rechazo de paternidad, oscilando desde 15,6 a 39,4% en madres, 0 a 30% en padres, y 19,5 a 31,8% en tríos. Se demuestra la necesidad de un mayor control en los apareamientos y en el registro de información genealógica en estos hatos.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract In genetic evaluation programs, the correct identification of the individuals of the population and the certainty of their kinship relationships is indispensable. The objective of this study was to implement identity verification and paternity tests using 18 microsatellite markers, in registered Brahman cattle from Costa Rica. Genetic parameters were calculated from the analysis of 950 DNA samples (7 sires, 788 cows and 155 offspring) collected during years 2015/2016, from 13 herds with registered cattle. Average observed and expected heterozygosity were 0.67 and 0.70, respectively. The fixation index was 4%, with significant deviations of the Hardy Weinberg equilibrium in 9 of the 18 loci. All markers except ETH225 had polymorphic information content greater than 0.50. The combined probability of identity with all markers was 2.4×10-17 for randomly selected individuals and 2.6×10-7 for full siblings. The combined probabilities of exclusion were greater than 0.999. All these parameters presented satisfactory values for the accomplishment of tests of identity and paternity. Next, paternity confirmation tests were performed on 137 offspring with reported father and/or mother from 3 herds. Paternity rejection rates based on the exclusion principle (at least 2 discordant loci) vs. critical likelihood values were, respectively: 18.2% vs. 24.1% for mothers, 14.0% vs. 12.5% for father, and 34.6% vs. 26.3% for trios. There were significant differences between herds for the percentage of paternity rejection, ranging from 15.6 to 39.4% in mothers, 0 to 30% in fathers, and 19.5 to 31.8% in trios. The need for greater control in mating and recording of genealogical information in these herds is demonstrated.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Microsatélite]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[probabilidad de exclusión]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[razón de verosimilitud]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Microsatellite]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[exclusion probability]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[likelihood ratio]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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