<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0034-7744</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista de Biología Tropical]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Rev. biol. trop]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0034-7744</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad de Costa Rica]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0034-77442025000100020</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15517/rev.biol.trop..v73i1.57994</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Diversidad y distribución vertical de orquídeas y bromelias epífitas en dos bosques contrastantes de los Andes nororientales de Colombia]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Diversity and vertical distribution of epiphytic orchids and bromeliads in two contrasting forests from Northeast Andes of Colombia]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Joya]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Diana-P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Suescún-C.]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Diego]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Espinosa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Sandra-Y.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Morales-Morales]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Paula-A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Industrial de Santander Instituto de Proyección Regional y Educación a Distancia-IPRED ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Málaga Santander]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Nacional de Colombia Maestría en Bosques y Conservación Ambiental ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ Medellín]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2025</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2025</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>73</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0034-77442025000100020&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0034-77442025000100020&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0034-77442025000100020&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen  Introducción:  El análisis de rasgos funcionales permite la comprensión de los mecanismos que estructuran a las comunidades de plantas epífitas. La distribución de la diversidad taxonómica y funcional de epífitas en el gradiente vertical es una herramienta fundamental para entender la respuesta de las epífitas a cambios ambientales, especialmente en puntos calientes de biodiversidad, donde la concentración de especies endémicas está altamente amenazada.  Objetivo:  Relacionar la diversidad taxonómica y funcional, y la distribución vertical de las epífitas con variables estructurales de bosque montano y bosque seco de los Andes en Colombia.  Métodos:  La diversidad de epífitas se registró en 35 forófitos al azar para cada bosque. Se comparó la diversidad alfa y funcional para cinco estratos del dosel (Z1-Z5), y se relacionó con variables estructurales y florísticas como riqueza arbórea, densidad arbórea, diámetro a la altura del pecho (DAP), altura del dosel, área de copa y apertura del dosel.  Resultados:  El bosque montano presentó una mayor diversidad de epífitas, principalmente orquídeas, con Stelis angustifolia como especie dominante. En contraste, el bosque seco presentó una mayor abundancia de bromelias y Tillandsia recurvata como especie dominante. El bosque montano estuvo representado por tres grupos funcionales: bromelias tipo tanque, bromelias-tanque somero y orquídeas-ramicaule, mientras el bosque seco por bromelias tanque-somero y bromelias nebulofitas. Se encontraron correlaciones positivas entre la riqueza, abundancia y diversidad de las epífitas con variables relacionadas con el tamaño de los forófitos (DAP y área de copa) en el bosque montano. También hubo una tendencia diferente en la preferencia por estratos entre orquídeas (Z2-Z3) y bromeliáceas (Z3-Z4).  Conclusiones:  Se encontraron diferencias en la diversidad taxonómica y funcional de epífitas entre los dos bosques, donde las orquídeas y bromeliáceas a menudo coexisten en ambientes similares, pero se distribuyen en distintos hábitats, resultado de la adaptación a condiciones específicas del entorno, lo que les permite coexistir en diferentes nichos dentro del ecosistema.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract  Introduction:  Functional traits analysis allows an understanding of the mechanisms that structure plant communities epiphytes. The distribution of taxonomic and functional epiphyte diversity along vertical gradients is a key tool to track epiphytes&#8217; response to environmental changes, especially in biodiversity hotspots, where a high number of endemic species are threatened.  Objective:  To relate the taxonomic and functional epiphyte diversity and their vertical distribution with forest structural variables of the Montane and Dry Forest ecosystems in the Colombian Andes.  Methods:  Epiphyte diversity in each study site was recorded in 35 random phorophytes. Alpha and functional diversity were compared for five vertical strata of the canopy (Z1-Z5) and related to forest structural and floristics variables such as tree richness, tree density, diameter at breast height (DBH), canopy height, crown area, and canopy openness.  Results:  The Montane Forest presented a greater diversity of epiphytes, mainly orchids, with Stelis angustifolia as the dominant species. In contrast, the Dry Forest presented a greater Bromeliad abundance, and Tillandsia recurvata was dominant. Montane forest epiphytes were represented by three functional groups: tank-bromeliads, shallow tank-bromeliads, and ramicauls-orchids, while in the Dry Forest shallow tank-bromeliads and nebulophyte-bromeliads. Positive correlations were found between epiphyte richness, abundance, and diversity with variables related to phorophyte size (DBH and crown area) in montane forest. There was also a different tendency on the preference for some strata between Orchids (Z2-Z3) and Bromeliads (Z3-Z4).  Conclusion:  Differences were found in the taxonomic and functional diversity of epiphytes between the two forests, where orchids and bromeliads often coexist in similar environments but are distributed in different habitats, resulting from adaptation to specific environmental conditions, which allows them to coexist in different niches within the ecosystem.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Andean forests]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[ecosystem functions]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[oak forest]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[phorophyte]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Quercus humboldtii.]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[bosques andinos]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[funciones ecosistémicas]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[robledal]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[forófito]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Quercus humboldtii.]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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