<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0034-7744</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista de Biología Tropical]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Rev. biol. trop]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0034-7744</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad de Costa Rica]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0034-77442020000200601</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15517/rbt.v68i2.36702</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Sensibilidad de Elmidae (Insecta: Coleoptera) a la perturbación delhábitat y la calidad fisicoquímica del agua en ambientes lóticos de los Andes colombianos]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Sensitivity of Elmidae (Insecta: Coleoptera) to habitat disturbance and physicochemical water quality in lotic environments of the Colombian Andes]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[González-Córdoba]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Marcela]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aaf"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[del-Carmen-úñiga]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[María]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aaf"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Giraldo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Lina-Paola]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ramírez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Yuly-Paulina]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chará]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Julián]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Centro para la Investigación en Sistemas Sostenibles de Producción Agropecuaria  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad del Valle  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2020</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2020</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>68</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<fpage>601</fpage>
<lpage>622</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0034-77442020000200601&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0034-77442020000200601&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0034-77442020000200601&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen  Introducción:  Los élmidos son organismos acuáticos frecuentemente asociados con aguas corrientes, limpias y bien oxigenadas. Sin embargo, algunos géneros de esta familia también se encuentran en aguas moderadamente contaminadas, lo cual puede ser un reflejo de su tolerancia a algún grado de deterioro del hábitat.  Objetivo: Determinar la sensibilidad o tolerancia a la contaminación y los principales factores que influyen en la presencia y composición taxonómica de Elmidae en microcuencas colombianas.  Métodos:  Se muestrearon 60 localidades entre 450 y 4 000 msnm, principalmente en la región Andina, los muestreos se realizaron entre 2002 y 2013 con 70 eventos no simultáneos en cinco zonas. En un transecto de 100 m, se registraron datos físico-químicos, bacteriológicos y de calidad del hábitat (ICH), se hicieron arrastres con red D y Surber, y se determinaron los géneros de Elmidae. Se realizó un Análisis de Correspondencia Canónica entre las variables ambientales y la composición de Elmidae, las relaciones significativas se confirmaron con una prueba de Mantel y se realizó una prueba Mantel parcial incluyendo la ubicación geográfica como tercera matriz. Se calcularon los Índices de Contaminación ICOs y de Calidad de Agua ICA-FSN y se definieron intervalos de aparición de géneros para variables ambientales e índices. Para obtener las significancias estadísticas, se realizaron Análisis de Varianza ANOVA, pruebas t de Student y Modelos Lineales Generalizados MLG con distribución Poisson.  Resultados:  Se encontraron 22 géneros y 15 especies que representan el 78.5 % de la riqueza nacional conocida. Tyletelmis y las especies Gyrelmis pusio, G. simplex, Xenelmis sandersoni, X. leechi, X. granatoides y X. teres, corresponden a nuevos registros para Colombia. Los principales factores que influyeron en la riqueza y composición de Elmidae fueron: saturación de oxígeno, deposición de sedimentos,sólidossuspendidos, disponibilidad de sustratos, altura, ubicación geográfica, conductividad, alcalinidad, turbidez, nitratos, nitrógeno amoniacal y fósforo.  Conclusiones:  Los géneros de Elmidae difieren en su tolerancia a la contaminación y, por lo tanto, no pueden ser clasificados bajo el mismo grado de sensibilidad. Esta información puede ser útil para la clasificación de los géneros de Elmidae de acuerdo con su sensibilidad a los cambios en las condiciones ambientales y la degradación del hábitat, lo cual será un primer paso para la incorporación en un índice biótico de calidad de agua adaptado para las condiciones locales o el ajuste de los índices preexistentes.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract  Introduction:  Riffle beetles are aquatic organisms frequently associated with well-oxygenated clean running water. However, some genera of Elmidae can also be found in moderately polluted streams proving their tolerance to certain degree of habitat degradation.  Objective:  To determine the pollution sensitivity and tolerance of each genus of Elmidae in Colombian streams, and the main factors that influence its presence and taxonomic composition.  Methods: Sixty locations between 450 and 4 000 m.a.s.l. were sampled, mainly in the Andean Region of Colombia. Collection was carried out between 2002 and 2013 with 70 non-simultaneous events in five zones. In a 100 m transect, physicochemical, bacteriological and environmental quality information was recorded. Samples of Elmidae were collected with D and Surber nets and determined taxonomically. A Canonical Correspondence Analysis of the Elmidae assembly and environmental data was carried out, significant relationships were confirmed with a Mantel test and a partial Mantel test was carried out including the geographic location as the third matrix. The Pollution (ICO) and Water Quality (ICA-NSF) Indices were calculated, and the occurrence intervals by genus were plotted for environmental variables and indices. Analysis of Variance ANOVA, Student&#8217;s t-test and Generalized Linear Models GLM with Poisson distribution, were calculated in order to establish the significance of the results.  Results:  Twenty-two genera and 15 species were found in the evaluated streams; which represent 78.5 % of known national generic richness. Tyletelmis and the species Gyrelmispusio, G. simplex, Xenelmis sandersoni, X. leechi, X. granatoides and X. teres correspond to new records for Colombia. The most important factors influencing the presence and composition of Elmidae were: oxygen saturation, sediment deposition, suspended solids, epifaunal substrate availability, altitude and geographic location, conductivity, turbidity, alkalinity, nitrates, ammonia nitrogen and phosphorus.  Conclusions:  The genera of Elmidae differ in their tolerance to contamination and therefore cannot be classified in the same degree of sensitivity. This information can be useful for classifying genera of Elmidae according to their sensitivity to changes in environmental conditions and habitat degradation, which will be a first step to incorporate Elmidae in water quality biotic indices adapted to local conditions or to adjust preexisting indices.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[riffle beetles]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[lotic]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[dissolved oxygen]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[freshwater quality]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[pollution.]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[escarabajos acuáticos]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[lótico]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[oxígeno disuelto]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[calidad de agua]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[contaminación.]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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