<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0034-7744</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista de Biología Tropical]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Rev. biol. trop]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0034-7744</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad de Costa Rica]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0034-77442020000200590</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15517/rbt.v68i2.40215</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Phenolic compounds, biological activities and trace elements of Capparis ovata var. canescens]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Compuestos fenólicos, actividades biológicas y elementos traza de Capparis ovata var. canescens]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ta&#351;k&#305;n]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Turgut]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ta&#351;k&#305;n]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Duygu]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cam]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Muhammet-Emin]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aaf"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A a"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A5"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bulut]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Gizem]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Marmara University  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Turkey</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,University of Health Science  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Turkey</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Marmara University  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Turkey</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af4">
<institution><![CDATA[,University College London  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ London]]></addr-line>
<country>United Kingdom</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af5">
<institution><![CDATA[,Marmara University  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Turkey</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af6">
<institution><![CDATA[,Marmara University  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Turkey</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2020</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2020</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>68</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<fpage>590</fpage>
<lpage>600</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0034-77442020000200590&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0034-77442020000200590&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0034-77442020000200590&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract  Introduction: Capparis species (Capparaceae), also called caper, grow naturally in various regions of the world. Caper is a plant with medicinal and aromatic properties. Flower buds, root bark, and fruits of the plant areused in folk medicine due to their analgesic, wound healing,cell regeneration, tonic, and diuretic effects.  Objective:  The aim of this research was to evaluate in vitro (anti-urease, antioxidant, anticholinesterase) and in vivo (anti-inflammatory) biological activities of caper (C. ovatavar.canescens). In addition, we aimed to identify its major phenolic compounds using high performance liquid chromatography with a photodiode array detector (HPLC-DAD) and confirmate them using quadrupole time-of-flight liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (Q-TOF-LC/MS). Also, we quantified the concentrations of several trace and major elements in plant samples using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS).  Methods:  The antioxidant, anti-urease and anticholinesterase activities of different plant extracts were evaluated using DPPH, FRAP, ABTS/TEAC, Indophenol and Ellman tests. The identification of phenolic compounds and trace element contents was performed using HPLC and Q-TOF-LC/MS and ICP-MS.  Results:  Soxhlet methanol extract exhibited the strongest anti-urease, antioxidant (ABTS/TEAC) and anticholinesterase activity. Soxhlet and maceration methanol extracts demonstrated significant anti-inflammatory effect in the altered edema size after the second hour of carrageenan injection. The active phenolic compounds in Soxhlet methanol extract were identified as rutin, quercetin-hexoside-hexoside, quercetin-3-O-hexoside and kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside. In addition, the average concentrations of vanadium, chromium, manganese, cobalt, copper, nickel, arsenic, selenium, zinc and lead were within the permissible limits defined by WHO for medicinal plants. However, it was found that the concentrations of cadmium and iron were higher than the maximum permissible limits.  Conclusion: Our results suggest that although caper has a strong biological activity, it should be consumed carefully due to the excess amount of cadmium and iron elements it contains.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen  Introducción:  Las especies de Capparis (Capparaceae), también llamadas alcaparras, crecen naturalmente en varias regiones del mundo. La alcaparra es una planta con propiedades medicinales y aromáticas. Los botones florales, la corteza de la raíz y los frutos de la planta se usan en la medicina popular debido a sus efectos analgésicos, cicatrizantes, de regeneración celular, tónicos y diuréticos.  Objetivo:  El objetivo de esta investigación fue evaluar las actividades biológicas in vitro (anti-ureasa, antioxidante, anticolinesterasa) e in vivo (antiinflamatorio) de la alcaparra (C. ovata var. canescens). Además, nuestro objetivo fue identificar sus principales compuestos fenólicos mediante cromatografía líquida de alto rendimiento con un detector de matriz de fotodiodos (HPLC-DAD) y confirmarlos mediante cromatografía líquida con espectrometría de masas en tándem (Q-TOF-LC/MS). Además, cuantificamos las concentraciones de varios elementos traza y elementos mayores en muestras de la planta utilizando espectrometría de masas con plasma acoplado inductivamente (ICP-MS).  Métodos:  Se evaluaron las actividades antioxidantes, anti-ureasa y anticolinesterasa de diferentes extractos de la planta usando las pruebas DPPH, FRAP, ABTS/TEAC, Indofenol y Ellman. La identificación de los compuestos fenólicos y el contenido de los elementos traza se realizó mediante HPLC y Q-TOF-LC/MS e ICP-MS.  Resultados:  El extracto de metanol Soxhlet exhibió la mayor actividad anti-ureasa, antioxidante (ABTS/TEAC) y anticolinesterasa. Los extractos de metanol Soxhlet y por maceración demostraron un efecto antiinflamatorio significativo en el tamaño alterado del edema después de la segunda hora de la inyección de carragenano. Los compuestos fenólicos activos en el extracto de metanol Soxhlet se identificaron como rutina, quercetina-hexósido-hexósido, quercetina-3-O-hexósido y kaempferol-3-O-rutinósido. Además, las concentraciones promedio de vanadio, cromo, manganeso, cobalto, cobre, níquel, arsénico, selenio, zinc y plomo estaban dentro de los límites permisibles definidos por la OMS para las plantas medicinales. Sin embargo, se encontró que las concentraciones de cadmio y hierro fueron más altas que los límites máximos permitidos.  Conclusión:  Nuestros resultados sugieren que, aunque la alcaparra tiene una fuerte actividad biológica, debe consumirse con cuidado debido al exceso de cadmio y hierro que contiene.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Capparisovatavar.canescens]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[biological activity]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[HPLC-DAD]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[ICP-MS]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[liquid chromatography]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[mass spectrometry.]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Capparis ovata var. canescens]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[actividad biológica]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[HPLC-DAD]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[ICP-MS]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[cromatografía líquida]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[espectrometría de masas.]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
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