<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0034-7744</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista de Biología Tropical]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Rev. biol. trop]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0034-7744</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad de Costa Rica]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0034-77442017000200505</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15517/rbt.v65i2.25504</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Efecto de la temperatura y la acidificación en larvas de Strombus gigas (Mesogastropoda: Strombidae)]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Effect of temperature and acidification in Strombus gigas (Mesogastropoda: Strombidae) larvae.]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chávez Villegas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[José Francisco]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Enríquez Díaz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Martha]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Aldana Aranda]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Dalila]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Instituto Politécnico Nacional Laboratorio de Conservación, Cultivo y Biología de Moluscos Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Mérida Yucatán]]></addr-line>
<country>MX</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Instituto Politécnico Nacional Laboratorio de Conservación, Cultivo y Biología de Moluscos Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Mérida Yucatán]]></addr-line>
<country>MX</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Instituto Politécnico Nacional Laboratorio de Conservación, Cultivo y Biología de Moluscos Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Mérida Yucatán]]></addr-line>
<country>MX</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2017</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2017</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>65</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<fpage>505</fpage>
<lpage>515</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0034-77442017000200505&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0034-77442017000200505&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0034-77442017000200505&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[ResumenEl aumento de las emisiones de CO2 produce calentamiento y reducción del pH en los océanos, lo cual puede generar efectos negativos en muchos organismos marinos, particularmente en aquellos con estructuras calcáreas (i.e. moluscos), afectando principalmente a sus estadios larvarios (Le Moullac et al., 2016), en este sentido, se estudió a S. gigas, gasterópodo de importancia comercial en el mar Caribe, con el fin de conocer el efecto de la temperatura y la acidificación en el desarrollo, el crecimiento, la mortalidad y la calcificación durante su fase larvaria. Se realizó un cultivo larvario empleando cuatro tratamientos de temperatura y pH (control = 28 °C - pH 8.1, T1 = 28 °C pH 7.6, T2 = 31 °C pH 8.1 y T3 = 31 °C - pH 7.6) por triplicado. La eclosión se registró al inicio del experimento (No. de huevos - No. de larvas nacidas), por otra parte, el desarrollo de órganos, el crecimiento de la concha y la mortalidad se evaluaron a través del tiempo. La calcificación fue estudiada mediante análisis EDX y Raman para larvas de 30 días de edad. Se observó que el desarrollo y el crecimiento de órganos fue mayor a 31 °C (talla inicial = 230 ± 4.12 a 313.27 ± 11.34 µm, talla final = 829.50 ± 11.33 a 1 054.50 ± 11.13 µm; para T1 y T2, respectivamente), mismo patrón se presentó para el tiempo de eclosión (18 hr) y la tasa de mortalidad (~ 57 %). La proporción de calcio (% wt) fue similar entre tratamientos (de 34.37 ± 10.05 a 37.29 ± 16.81 % wt). El análisis Raman mostró aragonita para las conchas de todas las condiciones experimentales, con valores más altos en el control (1 039.54 ± 780.26 a.u.). Calcita solo se detectó en los tratamientos de 31 °C (174.56 ± 127.19 a.u.), mientras que, a menor pH (7.6), la intensidad de aragonita y calcita fue menor. En conclusión, S. gigas podría adaptarse a escenarios futuros de temperatura y acidificación, sin embargo, puede verse afectado durante los procesos de biomineralización de la concha.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[AbstractThe increase in CO2 emissions produces heating and reduced pH in the oceans, which may have negative effects on many marine organisms. This is particularly important for those with calcified structures such as the molluscs and their larval stages. We studied Strombus gigas larvae, a gastropod of commercial importance in the Caribbean Sea, in order to know the effect of water temperature and acidification on their development, growth, mortality and calcification during the larval period. A larval culture with triplicate samples was carried out employing four treatments of temperature and pH (Control = 28 °C - pH 8.1, T1 = 28 °C - pH 7.6, T2 = 31 °C - pH 8.1 and T3 = 31 °C - pH 7.6) in August 2015. We registered hatching (No. of eggs - No. of larvae hatched) and organs development, while shell growth and mortality ratio were evaluated over time. Shell calcification was studied in 30 days old larvae using EDX and RAMAN analysis. Our results showed that organs development and shell growth were higher at 31 °C treatments (initial size of 230 ± 4.12 to 313.27 ± 11.34 µm, and final size from 829.50 ± 11.33 to 1 054.50 ± 11.13 µm; from T1 to T2 respectively), and the same pattern was recorded for hatching time (18 hr) and mortality rate (~ 57 %). The Calcium proportion (% wt) was similar between treatments (34.37 ± 10.05 to 37.29 ± 16.81 % wt). Shell Raman analysis showed aragonite in all experimental treatments, with the highest values in the control (1 039.54 ± 780.26 a.u.). Calcite was detected only in 31 °C treatments (174.56 ± 127.19 a.u.), while less intensity of aragonite and calcite were registered at pH 7.6. In conclusion, S. gigas could be adapted to ocean future predictions, however, shell biomineralization processes can be affected.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[desarrollo]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[temperatura]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[acidificación]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[calcificación]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Strombus gigas]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[development]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[temperature]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[acidification]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[calcification]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Strombus gigas]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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