Nupela species (Naviculales: Bacillariophyceae) from Colombian lowland waters including N. acaciensis nov. sp. and N. catatumbensis nov. sp.
Especies de Nupela(Naviculales: Bacillariophyceae) en aguas de tierras bajas en Colombia que incluyen a N. acaciensis nov. sp. and N. catatumbensis nov. sp.
The genus Nupela comprises ca. 50 species that generally have a distribution restricted by bioclimatic frontiers. As part of an integrated analysis of the diatom flora of Colombia, in this study we focused our interest on the genus Nupela from lowland waters. Periphyton samples were collected from 150 ]]>
N. ]]>
y N. subpallavicinii; these were new records for Colombia, and N. acaciensis and N. catatumbensis two new species for science. N. acaciensis is characterized by raphe branches of both valves equally long combined with cymbelloid symmetry, striae built by 2 transapically elongated areolae that delimit a longitudinal line at each hemivalve. N. catatumbensis ]]>
Nupela was widely distributed in the studied basins but showed different distribution patterns: N. acaciensis and N. subpallavicini ]]>
N. catatumbensis, N. lesothensis and N. praecipua had a wider distribution, and were collected in sites with significant variations in their ecomorphology, altitude, temperature, pH and electrolyte content.
El género ]]>
Nupela comprende alrededor de 50 especies que tienen en general una distribución restringida por fronteras bioclimáticas. Como parte de un estudio integral de la flora diatomológica de Colombia, en este trabajo focalizamos nuestro interés en el género Nupela en cuerpos de agua de tierras bajas. Muestras de perifiton fueron recolectadas en 150 sitios en cuerpos de agua lóticos seleccionados por su variabilidad hidrogeomorfológica. En cada estación de muestreo se ]]>
Nupela fue hallado en 28 sitios. Cinco especies fueron identificadas, descritas e ilustradas, tres de ellas: N. lesothensis,
N. praecipua y N. subpallavicinii fueron descritas para ambientes tropicales y subtropicales y representan nuevas citas para Colombia. Además fueron descritas N. acaciensis y N. catatumbensis, dos especies nuevas para la ciencia. N. acaciensis se caracteriza por poseer rafe desarrollado en ambas valvas, simetría cymbelloide, ]]>
N. catatumbensis se caracteriza poseer rafe desarrollado en ambas valvas. Valvas lanceoladas con extremos subcapitados a capitados y simetría cymbelloide. Estrías formadas por 3-4 aréolas transapicalmente alargadas, interestrías elevadas a modo de costillas transapicales y extremos proximales internos del rafe en forma de gancho. El género Nupela estuvo ampliamente ]]>
N. acaciensis y N. subpallavicini estuvieron presentes en una única cuenca, mientras que N. catatumbensis, N. lesothensis y N. praecipua presentaron una distribución más amplia, y fueron ]]>
Palabras clave:Nupela, Nupela acaciensis, Nupela catatumbensis, diatomeas, Bacillariophyceae, neotropical, Colombia. ]]>
The genus Nupela was erected by Vyverman & Compère in 1991, based on materials collected in acid waters at Mont Giluwe, New Guinea. The most important character that defines the genus is the areolae structure, transapically elongated, with external big foramina and internal hymen perforated at the centre. Each stria is built by few areolae and presents a hyaline ]]>
Although the genus was erected on the basis of N. giluwensis Vyverman & Compère, after-wards Lange-Bertalot (1993) and Lange-Bertalot & Moser (1994) described ]]>
Achnanthes, Anomoeoneis, Navicula, Rhoicosphenia and Stauroneis to Nupela. Later other authors studied the genus, transfered more species and described new taxa (Monnier, Lange-Bertalot, & Bertrand, 2003; Potapova, Ponader, Lowe, Clason, & Bahls, 2003; Siver, Hamilton, & Morales, 2007; Kulikovskiy, Lange-Bertalot, & Witkowski, 2009; Wojtal, 2009; Siver, Wolfe, & Edlund, 2010; Potapova, 2013). In the ]]>
Nupela and pointed out that it is a character defined by practice.
At present, the ]]>
Nupela comprises around 50 species (Wotjal, 2009; Siver et al., 2010; Fourtanier & Kociolek, 2011; Potapova, 2013). Since its initial discovery in high elevation ponds of New Guinea, Nupela has been reported in neutral pH, low conductivity waters across Europe, South America, North America, Asia and Africa (Spaulding & Edlund, 2008).
In Colombia, three ]]>
Nupelapallavicinii (Krasske) Lange- Bertalot in Lange-Bertalot & Moser (1994) described at El Boquerón (Bogotá); Donato (2001) mentioned N. paludigena Lange-Berta- lot at Lago Buitrago (Cundinamarca) and Lago Santiago (Cauca) and Vélez & Hooghiemstra (2005) mentioned N. ]]>
(Hustedt) Metzeltin & Lange-Bertalot at Lago Las Margaritas, Lago Carimagua (Meta).
The aim of this paper is to describe and illustrate Nupela species collected in lowland waters of the Eastern part of the country, as part of the study of benthic diatoms from different Colombian basins held by the Laboratorio de ]]>
Material and Methods
Samples were collected from the sampling sites where Ecopetrol S.A. helds physical, chemical and ]]>
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For each site, information about water temperature, pH, conductivity and dissolved oxygen was also obtained. Phytoplankton samples were collected by brushing the surface of a variable number of substrates delimited with a 25cm2 acrylic frame, and were preserved with 1:1 Transeau solution. Samples were treated to eliminate organic matter following the method described in CEN/TC 230 (2003). ]]>
The terminology used is the one proposed by Anonymous (1975), Ross et al. (1979) and Barber & Haworth (1981).
The samples for in
Nupela species were found are listed bellow:
The genus Nupela was present at 28 sites located in streams and rivers from eight basins of different regions of the country: Magda- lena Alto and Medio, Catatumbo, Cravo Sur, Putumayo, Caquetá, Tomo and Meta (Table 1). In this paper five species were described and ]]>
Description: Valves lanceolated with subrostrated to subcapitated ends, slightly asymmetric with respect to the apical axis (cymbelloid symmetry). Voigt Fault evident at the dorsal side of the valve. Striae built by two transapically elongated areolae that delimit a hyaline longitudinal line, to the ends the striae are composed only by one areola. Striae parallel to slightly radial at valve centre, parallel to the apices. Valve mantle with a row of are-olae continuous at the valve poles. Raphe well developed at both valves. External proximal raphe ends pore like, slightly expanded; terminal fissures hook-like and bent to the secondary valve side. Internal proximal raphe ends also hooked to the secondary side, central nodule notorious; distal ends straight finishing in small helictoglossae. Central area irregular, quadrangular at the primary valve side, missing the most internal areolae of the 2-3 central striae, at the secondary side more rounded due to the smaller internal areolae of the 2-3 central striae, sometimes one is missing.
Type material: Holotype (Iconotype): specimen illustrated in Fig. 1C; Isotype: 200640901.
Type locality: 04° 10’ 57.00’’N-73° 37’ 31.70’’ W, Blanca Stream, Acacias, Meta Department, Llanos Orientales, Colombia.
Etymology: the specific epithet refers to the name of municipality of the type locality.
Distribution: only collected at the type locality.
Remaks: the closest taxon is N. schoemaniana Lange-Bertalot, from which it differs in having striae composed by 3-4 areolae, the shape of the central area and internal straight proximal raphe ends (Table 2). Other similar taxon is N. florideana Metzeltin & Lange- Bertalot that differs in striae composed by 3-4 areolae, stauroid central area and straight internal proximal raphe ends. N. acaciensis also resembles N. giluwensis Vyverman & Compére that differs in valve outline thinner with broadly capitated ends. Besides, at the dorsal side the latter has 2 hyaline longitudinal lines at valve centre that are reduced to one towards the ends and internal proximal raphe ends T-shaped.
This species was collected in samples with DO 7.4mg/L, conductivity 10.3µS/cm, pH 5, temperature 21.3ºC and altitude 370m.a.s.l.
Description: Valves lanceolate with sub- capitated to capitated ends, slightly asymmetrical in relation to the apical axis (cymbelloid symmetry). Voigt Fault conspicuous, on the dorsal side of the valve. Raphe filiform straight, external proximal ends simple, terminal fis- sures question mark-like, curved to the dorsal side. Striae radial and parallel towards the api- ces. Striae uniseriate; areolae with external big foramina and internal hymen perforated at the centre, interestriae rib-like. Axial area narrow to the apices, broaden and with irregular limits to the valve centre, central area wide, irregular, more developed on the dorsal side, where the striae are composed of 1-2 areolae less and sometimes 1-2 striae are missing and the central area reaches the valve margin. Axial and central area more silicified. In internal view, the raphe is filiform and straight, proximal ends hook-like, curved to the dorsal side; distal ends finish in small helictoglossae. Valve mantle with a row of elongated areolae interrupted at the poles at the level of the terminal fissure.
Type material: Holotype (Iconotype): specimen illustrated in fig. 2D. Isotype: 200432427.
Type locality: 08° 12’ 47.30’’ N-72° 26’ 50.1’’ W. Zancudo Stream, Río Zulia Basin, Catatumbo, Colombia.
Etymology: the specific epithet refers to Catatumbo, the region were the species was found.
Distribution: the species is widely distributed in the study area, at the Catatumbo, Meta River, Caquetá River, Magdalena Alto and Medio River and Tomo River basins. 200432427, 200432428, 200476086, 200570641, 200439228, 200438022, 200454443, 200476494, 200476922, 200473754, 200484429 (Table 2).
Remarks: the closest species is Nupela encyonopsis Metzeltin & Lange-Bertalot, both species have costa like interstriae. Nevertheless, this species differs from N. catatumbensis in the shape of the central and axial areas, poorly developed and with regular bounderies, in the number of areolae per striae and in the shape of the external proximal raphe ends pore-like (Table 3). Other similar species is N. brachysiroides Lange-Bertalot that differs in the presence of a sinuous line sunken at both sides of the central and axial areas, besides it differs in the straight external proximal raphe ends and in the lower striae density and number of areolae per striae (Table 3).
This species was collected in samples with DO 5.1-7.6mg/L, conductivity 3.6-748µS/cm, pH 5.2-7.9, temperature 21.1-29.1ºC and altitude 97-575m.a.s.l.
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Nupelalesothensis (Schoeman)
Lange-Bertalot in Rumrich, Lange-Bertalot & Rumrich. 2000
Type locality: Spring in the Berea district of Lesotho.
Valves lanceolate with rostrate ends, slightly transapically asymmetrical. One valve has a well-developed raphe (DRV) and the other with reduced raphe branches to approximately half of its full length (VRR). Voigt Fault conspicuous. DRV: raphe filiform sligthly sinuous, internal proximal ends straight, distal ends finish in small helictoglosae. Striae radial at most of the valve extension, parallel and convergent at the ends. Axial area narrow at the ends widening to the valve centre where it merges with the wide irregular central area. VRR: it differs from the other valve in the short raphe fissures, externally it presents irregular depressions at the hyaline central area. One row of elongated areolae at valve mantle, interrupted at the apices.
Distribution in Colombia: it is recorded for the first time in the country in different basins with significant variations in their ecomorphology and electrolyte content. Samples 200570641, 200527650, 200418858, 200469503, 200436532, 200438023, 200440779, 200446180, 200454443, 200465803, 200463448, 200441028 (Table 2).
Remarks: this species was collected in samples with DO 1-8.6mg/L, conductiv- ity 13.5-302.5µS/cm, pH 6.0-8.3, temperature 21.1-30.6ºC and altitude 70-542m.a.s.l.
Basionym: Achnanthes praecipua Reichardt (Reichardt, 1988)
Type locality: Custepec River, México.
Valves broadly lanceolate with obtuse ends. Achnanthoid frustules, heterovalvar. A valve with complete raphe (VDR) and the other with rudimentary raphe branches (VRR). Voigt Fault inconspicuous. VDR: raphe filiform straight, internally proximal ends simple and the distal ends terminated in small helictoglossae. Axial area in internal view and central nodule prominent. Striae radial throughout the valve. Central area unmarked, wide axial area with irregular boundaries. VRR, raphe reduced to a small helictoglossa, “ghost” full raphe, sternum internally elevated. A row of elongated areolae on the mantle interrupted at the apices.
Distribution in Colombia: it is recorded for the first time in the country in a high variety of habitats from an ecomorphological point of view. Found in samples
Remarks: this species was collected in samples with DO 3.6-8.6mg/L, conductivity 3.7-649µS/cm, pH 5.1-8.3, temperature 22.6- 30.1ºC and altitude 69-575m.a.s.l.
Nupelasubpallavicini
Metzeltin & Lange-Bertalot in ]]>
Metzeltin & Lange-Bertalot, 1998
]]>
Type locality: river of black waters in Tepui Avayan, Venezuela.
Valves broadly lanceolate with capitate ends. Both valves with developed raphe, slightly asymmetric with respect to the transapical axis, frustules curved in girdle view. Achnanthoid symmetry, one valve face concave and the other ]]>
]]>
Distribution in Colombia: it is recorded for the first time in the country. Found only in sample 200640901 (Table 2).
Remarks: this species was collected in samples with DO 7.4mg/L, conductivity ]]>
Discussion
Colombia is considered the second most biodiverse country in the world ]]>
In the framework ]]>
Nupela was well represented and five species were identified: N. acaciensis and N. catatumbensis are new for science and N. ]]>
, N. prae- cipua and N. subpallavicinii are recorded for the first time in Colombia. Nupelaacaciensis is characterized by having developed raphe in both valves, cymbelloid symmetry, striae built by two elongated areolae that delimit a longitudinal line at each hemivalve. The closest taxa are N. schoemaniana Lange-Bertalot ]]>
N. florideana Metzeltin & Lange-Bertalot (Metzeltin & Lange-Bertalot, 2007) from which it differs in striae, central area and internal proximal raphe ends. N. acaciensis also resembles N. giluwensis Vyverman & Compère (Vyverman & Compère, 1991) that differs in valve outline, presence of hyaline longitudinal lines on the valve face, internal proximal raphe ends, and distribution of the mantle areolae, continuous or interrupted ]]>
Nupela catatumbensis is characterized by having developed raphe in both valves, cymbelloid symmetry, striae built by 3-4 transapically elongated areolae, interstriae elevated conforming transapical ribs and internal proximal raphe ends hook-shaped. Its closest species is N. encyonopsis Metzeltin & Lange-Bertalot (Metzeltin & Lange-Bertalot, 1998) which differs in the shape of the central and axial areas, in the number of areolae per ]]>
N. brachysiroides Lange-Bertalot (Lange- Bertalot, 1993) that differs in the presence of a sinuous line sunken at both sides of the central and axial areas, in the external proximal raphe ends, and in striae density and number of are-olae per stria.
The genus Nupela was originally ]]>
]]>
Although the genus was widely distributed in these basins, the studied species showed different distribution patterns. N. acaciensis and N. subpallavicini have a restricted distribution, while N. catatumbensis, N. lesothensis and N. praecipua have a wider distribution and were collected ]]>
N. acaciensis was only recorded in Meta River basin, placed at the Eastern lowlands, characterized by waters with very low electrolithic content, and acid to neutral pH. N. subpallavicini was originally described from a river of black waters in Tepui Avayan, Venezuela ]]>
N. catatumbensis was found both in small rough streams (with beds of gravel and stones) with turbulent flow as well as in rivers with beds with soft sediments (silt and clay). N. lesothensis, originally described from South Africa (Schoeman & Archibald, 1976-1980), and N. ]]>
, described from the Custepec River, México (Reichardt, 1988), were collected in different basins with significant variations in their ecomorphology, altitude, temperature, pH and electrolyte content.
Acknowledgments
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The authors want to thanks to the biologists of the Biotechnology Laboratory of ECO- PETROL, S.A. who participated in the field work and especially to Hernando Ovalle who facilitate the historical inquiry of the variables in the database.
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*Correspondencia: Silvia Sala: Departamento Científico Ficología, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Argentina; sesala@fcnym.unlp.edu.ar Amelia Alejandra Vouilloud: Departamento Científico Ficología, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Argentina; avouilloud@fcnym.unlp.edu.ar Yasmin Plata-Díaz: TIP LTDA. Instituto Colombiano del Petróleo. Ecopetrol. Piedecuesta/Santander/Colombia; _labbiohidro@ecopetrol.com.co Edna Pedraza: TIP LTDA. Instituto Colombiano del Petróleo. Ecopetrol. Piedecuesta/Santander/Colombia; _labbiohidro@ecopetrol.com.co Astrid Pimienta: Instituto Colombiano del Petróleo. Ecopetrol. Piedecuesta/Santander/Colombia; Astrid.Pimienta@ecopetrol.com.co ]]>
1. Departamento Científico Ficología, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Argentina; sesala@fcnym.unlp.edu.ar, avouilloud@fcnym.unlp.edu.ar 2. TIP LTDA. Instituto Colombiano del Petróleo. Ecopetrol. Piedecuesta/Santander/Colombia;_labbiohidro@ecopetrol.com.co 3. Instituto Colombiano del Petróleo. Ecopetrol. Piedecuesta/Santander/Colombia; Astrid.Pimienta@ecopetrol.com.co
Received 21-III-2013. Corrected 04-X-2013. Accepted 05-XI-2013.
