<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>2215-3705</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Infraestructura Vial]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Infraestructura Vial]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>2215-3705</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad de Costa Rica, Laboratorio Nacional de Materiales y Modelos Estructurales]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S2215-37052015000100033</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Las alianzas público privadas y su rol en la modernización de la infraestructura costarricense]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Public private partner ships for the modernization of Costa Rican infrastructure]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Villalobos Carballo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Federico]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,federico.villalobos@gmail.com  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2015</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2015</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>17</volume>
<numero>29</numero>
<fpage>33</fpage>
<lpage>38</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S2215-37052015000100033&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S2215-37052015000100033&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S2215-37052015000100033&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen:El término Alianzas Público Privadas (APP) es definido por las Naciones Unidas (2008) en su publicación "Guide book on Promoting Good Governance in Public-Private Partner ships", como aquellos mecanismos innovadores utilizados por el sector público con el objetivo de financiar, diseñar, implementar y operar obras y servicios públicos. El European PPP Expertise Centre (2011) señala además que las APP son contratos: i) basados en la provisión de servicios(1), considerando todo el ciclo de vida del proyecto, ii) bajo los cuales se transfiere riesgos al sector privado y iii) donde el pago recibido por el sector privado -sea por medio del cobro de tarifas, pago directo del gobierno o combinación de ambos- está directamente ligado a los servicios prestados.Con una brecha anual de inversión en el sector transportes superior a los US$1,000 millones y una situación fiscal restrictiva, la figura de las Alianzas Público Privadas (APP) se posiciona como una herramienta fundamental para que el Estado Costarricense brinde a ciudadanos y sector productivo la plataforma de servicios de infraestructura que permita acabar con un rezago de décadas. Sin embargo, a la fecha la experiencia ha sido limitada en cuanto al alcance y cantidad de proyectos, dada la carencia de un sistema concesional que incorpore el establecimiento de metodologías técnicamente sustentadas para la selección del modelo de provisión -en cada proyecto- que garantice la maximización de la relación costo-beneficio para usuarios y/o contribuyentes.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract:The term Public-Private Partner ships (PPP) is defined by the United Nations (2008) in their publication "Guide Book on Promoting Good Governance in Public-Private Partner ships", as innovative methods used by the public sector with the objective of financing, designing, implementing, and operating projects and public services. Additionally, the European PPP Expertise Centre (2011) identifies that PPP are contracts i) based on service provisions that consider the entire life cycle of the project, ii) under which risks are transferred on to the private sector, and iii) where the payment received by the private sector - be it through fees, direct government payments, or a combination of both - is directly linked to the rendered services.With an annual investment gap in the transportation sector upwards of US$1 billion and a restrictive fiscal situation, the PPP figure is positioned as a fundamental tool for the Costa Rican government to provide its citizens and the productive sector with the platform of infrastructure services to put an end to years of lagging. However, the experience to date has been limited in terms of the reach and project quantities, given the lack of a concession system that incorporates the establishment of methodologies technically supported to select the provision model - in every project - that guaranties the maximization of the cost-benefit relationship for users and taxpayers.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Infraesrtuctura]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[financiamiento]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[APP]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Infrastructure]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[financing]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[PPP]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Boyer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Marcel]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gravel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Érick]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mokbel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Sandy]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[The Valuation of Public Projects: Risk, Cost of Financing and Cost of Capital]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Ontario, Canadá ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[C.D. Howe Institute]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>Banco Central de Costa Rica</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Programa Macroeconómico 2015-2016]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[San José, Costa Rica ]]></publisher-loc>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>CEPAL</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Base de datos de inversiones en infraestructura económica en América Latina y el Caribe 1980-2013]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Santiago de Chile ]]></publisher-loc>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Correa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Germán]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rozas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Patricio]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Desarrollo urbano e inversiones en infraestructura: elementos para la toma de decisiones]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<numero>108</numero>
<issue>108</issue>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Santiago de Chile ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[CEPAL]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>Contraloría General de la República</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Informes Técnicos: Proyecto de Ley Presupuesto de la República 2015]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[San José, Costa Rica ]]></publisher-loc>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<collab>European PPP Expertise Centre</collab>
<source><![CDATA[A Guide to Guidance: Sourcebook for PPPs]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Luxemburgo, Luxemburgo ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[European PPP Expertise Centre]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>Foro Económico Mundial</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Informe Global de Competitividad 2014-2015]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Ginebra, Suiza ]]></publisher-loc>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<source><![CDATA[HM Treasury]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Londres, Inglaterra ]]></publisher-loc>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<collab>HM Treasury</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Public Sector Business Cases: Using the Five Case Model]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Londres, Inglaterra ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Green Book Supplementary Guidance on Delivering Public Value from Spending Proposals. Gobierno del Reino Unido]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<collab>Infrastructure Australia</collab>
<source><![CDATA[National Public Private Partnership Guidelines. Volumen 2: Practitioners' Guide]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Canberra, Australia ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Gobierno Australiano]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<collab>Infrastructure Australia</collab>
<source><![CDATA[National Public Private Partnership Guidelines Volumen 3: Commercial Principles for Social Infrastructure]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Canberra, Australia ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Gobierno Australiano]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<collab>Infrastructure Australia</collab>
<source><![CDATA[National Public Private Partnership Guidance. Volume 4: Public Sector Comparator Guidance]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Canberra, Australia ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Gobierno Australiano]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<collab>Infrastructure Australia</collab>
<source><![CDATA[National Public Private Partnership Guidance Volume 7: Public Sector Commercial Principles for Economic Infrastructure]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Canberra, Australia ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Gobierno Australiano]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<collab>Infrastructure Australia</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Australia's Public Infrastructure: Part of the Answer to Removing the Infrastructure Deficit]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Canberra, Australia ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Gobierno Australiano]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<collab>Infrastructure Ontario</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Assessing Value for Money: A Guide to Infrastructure Ontario's Methodology]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Ontario, Canadá ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Gobierno de Ontario]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>McKinsey Global Institute</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Infrastructure productivity: How to save $1 trillion a year]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[McKinsey &amp; Company ]]></publisher-loc>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>Ministerio de Obras Públicas y Transportes</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Memoria: Plan Nacional de Transportes 2011-2035]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[San José, Costa Rica ]]></publisher-loc>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<collab>NacionesUnidas</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Guidebook on Promoting Good Governance in Public-Private Partnerships]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Ginebra, Suiza ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Naciones Unidas]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<collab>Organisation for Economic Co-Operation and Development</collab>
<source><![CDATA[OECD Principles for Private Sector Participation in Infrastructure]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[París, Francia ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[OECD]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Perotti]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Daniel]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sánchez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ricardo]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[La Brecha en Infraestructura en América Latina. Comisión Económica para América Latina y el Caribe -CEPAL]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Santiago de Chile ]]></publisher-loc>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B21">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<collab>PPP Canadá</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Identifying P3 Potential: A Guide for Federal Departments&amp;amp]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Otawa, Canadá ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Agencies]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
