<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>2215-3470</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Uniciencia]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Uniciencia]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>2215-3470</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S2215-34702021000200308</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15359/ru.35-2.20</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Aspectos del contexto socioambiental que inciden en la contaminación del recurso hídrico en un cantón urbano]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Socio-environmental aspects affecting water contamination in an urban area]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="pt"><![CDATA[Aspectos do contexto socioambiental que incidem na contaminação hídrica em uma área urbana]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sánchez-Gutiérrez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Rolando]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alfaro-Chinchilla]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Carolina]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ledezma-Zamora]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Kimberly]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hernando-Echeverría]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ligia]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mora-Aparicio]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Carmen]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pérez-Salazar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Roy]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Nacional Escuela de Química Laboratorio de Manejo del Recurso Hídrico y Grupo de Investigación en Isótopos Estables]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Heredia ]]></addr-line>
<country>Costa Rica</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Nacional Escuela de Química Laboratorio de Gestión de Desechos]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Heredia ]]></addr-line>
<country>Costa Rica</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Nacional Escuela de Química Laboratorio de Manejo del Recurso Hídrico y Grupo de Investigación en Isótopos Estables]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Heredia ]]></addr-line>
<country>Costa Rica</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af4">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Nacional Escuela de Geografía Laboratorio de Manejo de Cuencas]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Heredia ]]></addr-line>
<country>Costa Rica</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af5">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Nacional Escuela de Química Laboratorio de Gestión de Desechos]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Heredia ]]></addr-line>
<country>Costa Rica</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af6">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Nacional Escuela de Química Laboratorio de Gestión de Desechos]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Heredia ]]></addr-line>
<country>Costa Rica</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2021</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2021</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>35</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<fpage>308</fpage>
<lpage>327</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S2215-34702021000200308&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S2215-34702021000200308&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S2215-34702021000200308&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen El objetivo fue identificar y analizar los aspectos más relevantes del contexto socioambiental de un cantón urbano, que inciden en la contaminación del recurso hídrico. Se realizó una investigación descriptiva con un enfoque mixto, en la cual, recopilando información primaria y secundaria, se lograron obtener datos relacionados con la percepción socioambiental en el cantón, los patrones de cambio en el uso de suelo, la identificación de fuentes potenciales de contaminación al recurso hídrico por vertidos y el estado actual de la gestión para las aguas residuales generadas en el cantón. Esto fue obtenido a través de un sondeo preliminar de percepción, verificación de información en campo, uso de imágenes satelitales, bases de datos de autoridades reguladoras, entre otras herramientas, con miras a, posteriormente, ser sistematizado y procesado para los análisis respectivos. Se observó que, en la población consultada, lo percibido en relación con el recurso hídrico es satisfactorio en términos de abastecimiento, no obstante, se evidenció desinterés con el manejo de las aguas residuales de los hogares. Para el uso del suelo, se notó un aumento en el área de uso urbano y una disminución en la zona boscosa, cambios que han incrementado en los últimos años. Además, fue posible identificar más de 230 fuentes potenciales de contaminación del recurso hídrico expresadas como vertidos directos o indirectos de aguas residuales. En cuanto a los vertidos regulados, los reportes operacionales evidenciaron un alto cumplimiento respecto a la normativa nacional, sin embargo, la carga orgánica neta vertida es alta. Las actividades comerciales y el crecimiento urbano del cantón inciden de manera negativa para acelerar los procesos de contaminación del recurso hídrico de la zona de estudio, por lo que se encuentran bajo una presión constante que debe manejarse a través de procesos participativos con enfoque de gestión integrada.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract The purpose of the research was to identify and analyze the most relevant socio-environmental aspects causing contamination of water resources in an urban area. The study used descriptive research with a mixed approach, in which, through the collection of primary and secondary information, data was obtained related to socio-environmental perception, change patterns in land use, identification of potential sources of water contamination by discharge, and the current condition of wastewater management in the area. The information was obtained through a preliminary perception survey, field verification, satellite images, databases from regulatory authorities, and other sources. The surveyed population&#8217;s perception regarding water supply is satisfactory; however, no interest was perceived regarding home wastewater management. The analysis of land use showed a progressive increase in the use of urban land and a decrease in the use of forest areas over the last years. In addition, over 230 potential sources of water contamination were found between direct and indirect discharges. Regarding regulated discharges, the operational reports showed compliance with national regulation, even though the net organic load was high. The commercial activities and urban development negatively affect the area and accelerate water pollution. Therefore, water bodies are under constant pressure, which must be managed using participatory processes with an integrated management approach.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="pt"><p><![CDATA[Resumo A pesquisa teve como objetivo identificar e analisar os aspectos mais relevantes do contexto socioambiental em uma área urbana que incidem na contaminação hídrica. Foi realizada uma pesquisa descritiva com uma abordagem mista, da qual, ao coletar informações primárias e secundárias, foram obtidos dados relacionados com a percepção socioambiental no bairro, os padrões de mudança no uso de solo, a identificação de fontes potenciais de contaminação hídrica por descarga e o estado atual da gestão das águas residuais geradas nessa área. Esses dados foram adquiridos através de uma sondagem preliminar de percepção, verificação de informação em campo, uso de imagens satelitais, bases de dados de autoridades regulamentadoras, entre outras ferramentas, a favor de, posteriormente, ser sistematizados e processados para as respectivas análises. Observou-se que, na população consultada, o que foi percebido com relação ao recurso hídrico é satisfatório em termos de abastecimento, não obstante, ficou evidente o desinteresse com o manejo das águas residuais de suas casas. Com relação ao uso do solo, notou-se um aumento na área de uso urbano e uma diminuição na zona florestal, mudanças que vem crescendo nos últimos anos. Além disso, foi possível identificar mais de 230 fontes potenciais de contaminação hídrica retratadas como descargas diretas ou indiretas de águas residuais. No que diz respeito às descargas regulamentadas, os relatórios operacionais evidenciaram um alto cumprimento à normativa nacional, porém, a carga orgânica líquida descarregada é alta. As atividades comerciais e o crescimento urbano da área incidem, de maneira negativa, no aceleramento dos processos de contaminação hídrica da zona de estudo, estando, portanto, sob uma constante pressão de que deve ser manejada por meio de processos participativos com um enfoque de gestão integrada.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Percepción socioambiental]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[uso del suelo]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[actividades productivas]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[contaminación]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[recurso hídrico]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Socio-environmental perception]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[land use]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[productive activities]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[pollution]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[water resource]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Percepção socioambiental]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[uso do solo]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[atividades produtivas]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[contaminação]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[recurso hídrico]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
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