<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>2215-3470</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Uniciencia]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Uniciencia]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>2215-3470</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S2215-34702021000200197</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15359/ru.35-2.13</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Nesting of arboreal ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in artificial substrates in coffee plantations in the Colombian Andes]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Anidación por hormigas arbóreas (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) en sustratos artificiales en plantaciones de café en los Andes Colombianos]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="pt"><![CDATA[Aninhamento feito por formigas arbóreas (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) em substratos artificiais em cafezais nos Andes Colombianos]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[López-Dávila]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Andrés Jireh]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Escobar-Ramírez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Selene]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Armbrecht]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Inge]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad del Valle Department of Biology ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Cali ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad San Francisco de Quito Colegio de Ciencias Biológicas y Ambientales Herbario de Botánica Económica del Ecuador]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Quito ]]></addr-line>
<country>Ecuador</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad del Valle Department of Biology ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Cali ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2021</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2021</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>35</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<fpage>197</fpage>
<lpage>209</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S2215-34702021000200197&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S2215-34702021000200197&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S2215-34702021000200197&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract Ants can provide pest biocontrol for coffee crops; however, this ecosystem service may decline in intensively managed plantations due to the loss of nesting resources. Considering how to increase the number of ants, we studied if they nest in different types of artificial substrates attached to coffee bushes both in shade-grown and sun-grown coffee plantations. Three independent tests were conducted at some coffee plantations in southwestern Colombia with the purpose of answering the following questions: 1) Do ants nest in artificial substrates made from recyclable materials? 2) Do the types of substrate (materials and configuration) and coffee management (shade-grown vs. sun-grown coffee) affect colonization rates, richness, and identity of colonizing ants? 3) Does time affect substrate colonization rates? Each experiment independently compared different substrate materials and designs, in both shade and sun-grown coffee. Results showed preference of one of the substrates offered and higher nesting rates in shade-grown plantations. Eight ant species were found nesting in artificial substrates, most of them being arboreal generalists. A higher number of ant species colonized substrates in shade-grown plantations; however, the effect was not statistically significant. Nesomyrmex asper and Crematogaster spp. were always found nesting in both types of plantation. There was a trend to increase nesting activity with time in shade-grown coffee but not in sun-grown coffee. Evidence supports that offering artificial substrates enhances arboreal ant nesting in coffee plantations.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen Las hormigas pueden ejercer biocontrol del cultivo de café, pero este servicio puede declinar en plantaciones manejadas intensivamente debido a que se pierden recursos de nidificación. Considerando cómo incrementar las hormigas, estudiamos si estas anidan en diferentes tipos de sustratos artificiales adheridos sobre arbustos de café tanto en cafetales de sombra como de sol. Se realizaron tres exámenes independientes en cafetales del suroccidente colombiano para responder: 1) ¿Anidan las hormigas en sustratos artificiales hechos de materiales reciclables? 2) ¿El tipo de sustrato (material y configuración) y el tipo de manejo del cafetal (sombra vs. sol) afectan la colonización, riqueza e identidad de hormigas? 3) ¿Afecta el tiempo las tasas de colonización de sustratos artificiales? Cada experimento comparó diferentes materiales y diseños, tanto en cafetales de sombra como de sol. Las hormigas anidaron más en uno de los sustratos ofrecidos y hubo mayor nidificación en cafetales de sombra. Ocho especies anidaron en los sustratos artificiales, la mayoría generalistas arbóreas. Un mayor número de especies de hormigas colonizó sustratos en cafetales de sombra, aunque no fue estadísticamente significativo. Nesomyrmex asper y Crematogaster spp. siempre se encontraron anidando en ambos tipos de plantación. La evidencia soporta que se puede ofrecer sustratos artificiales favorece la anidación por hormigas arbóreas en plantaciones de café.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="pt"><p><![CDATA[Resumo As formigas podem exercer controle biológico no cultivo do café, porém essa função pode reduzir em plantações manejadas intensivamente, já que os recursos de aninhamento são perdidos. Considerando o aumento das formigas, foi estudado se o aninhamento se dá em diferentes tipos de substratos artificiais aderidos sobre arbustos de café tanto em cafezais sombreados quanto ensolarados. Foram realizadas três provas independentes em cafezais do sul ocidental colombiano para responder: 1) As formigas se aninham em substratos artificiais feitos de materiais recicláveis? 2) O tipo de substrato (material e configuração) e o tipo de manejo do cafezal (sombra vs. sol) afetam a colonização, riqueza e identidade das formigas? 3) O tempo afeta as taxas de colonização de substratos artificiais? Cada experimento comparou diferentes materiais e desenhos, tanto em cafezais sombreados quanto ensolarados. As formigas se aninharam mais em um dos substratos oferecidos e houve maior aninhamento em cafezais sombreados. Oito espécies aninharam-se nos substratos artificiais, a maioria generalistas arbóreas. Um maior número de espécies de formigas colonizou substratos em cafezais sombreados, ainda que não tenha sido estatisticamente significativo. Nesomyrmex asper e Crematogaster spp. sempre foram encontrados se aninhando em ambos os tipos de plantação. A evidência propõe que é possível oferecer substratos artificiais para favorecer o aninhamento de formigas arbóreas em plantações de café.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Crematogaster]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Management of beneficial ants]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Management of coffee agroecosystems]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Nesting resources]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Nesomyrmex]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Crematogaster]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Manejo hormigas benéficas]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Manejo agroecosistemas cafeteros]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Recursos de nidificación]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Nesomyrmex]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Crematogaster]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Manejo de formigas benéficas]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Manejo agroecossistemas cafeeiros]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Recursos de aninhamento]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Nesomyrmex]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
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