<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>2215-2563</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista Geográfica de América Central]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Rev. Geog. Amer. Central]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>2215-2563</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Nacional]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S2215-25632026000200067</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15359/rgac.77-2.3</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Nueva Iniciativa de Gestión del Uso del Suelo (NIGEUS) para pequeñas fincas del centro-norte de Nicaragua]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[New Land Use Management Initiative (NIGEUS) for small farms in north-central Nicaragua]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="pt"><![CDATA[Nova Iniciativa de Gestão do Uso da Terra (NIGEUS) para pequenas explorações no centro-norte da Nicarágua]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Muñoz Quintero]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[William]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Garcia-Lozano]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Carla]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Varga]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Diego]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pintó]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Josep]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de Girona Departamento de Geografía ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>España</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de Girona Departamento de Geografía ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>España</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de Girona Departamento de Geografía ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>España</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af4">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de Girona Departamento de Geografía ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>España</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2026</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2026</year>
</pub-date>
<numero>77</numero>
<fpage>67</fpage>
<lpage>92</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S2215-25632026000200067&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S2215-25632026000200067&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S2215-25632026000200067&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen Los pequeños agricultores nicaragüenses producen más del 80 % de los alimentos del país, enfrentan desafíos que afectan su bienestar económico y son vulnerables a los riesgos climáticos y ambientales. En este trabajo se analizan ocho Iniciativas de Gestión de Suelos (IGEUS) y de ellas se han extraído 25 indicadores claves en el diseño de una encuesta que permitió recoger información de la gestión del suelo en 455 fincas localizadas en los municipios de El Tuma-La Dalia, El Cuá y Waslala, en Nicaragua; para analizarlos desde una perspectiva sostenible. Los resultados revelan la necesidad de fortalecer las prácticas basadas en enfoques ecosistémico, integral, holístico, de igualdad de género y participativo. A partir de nuestros hallazgos se desprende una nueva iniciativa de gestión y uso sostenible del suelo (NIGEUS) y su aplicabilidad dependerá de una evaluación de las partes implicadas.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract Nicaraguan small farmers produce more than 80 % of the country&#8217;s food and face challenges that affect their economic well-being and are vulnerable to climate and environmental risks. This paper analyzes eight Soil Management Initiatives (IGEUS) and from them, 25 key indicators have been extracted for the design of a survey that allowed collecting information on soil management in 455 farms located in the municipalities of El Tuma-La Dalia, El Cuá and Waslala, in Nicaragua, to analyze them from a sustainable perspective. The results reveal the need to strengthen practices based on ecosystemic, integral, holistic, gender equality and participatory approaches. A new initiative for sustainable land management and use (NIGEUS) emerges from our findings and its applicability will depend on an assessment of the stakeholders.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="pt"><p><![CDATA[Resumo Os pequenos agricultores da Nicarágua produzem mais de 80 % dos alimentos do país e enfrentam desafios que afetam o seu bem-estar económico e são vulneráveis aos riscos climáticos e ambientais. Neste trabalho são analisadas oito Iniciativas de Gestão do Solo (IGEUS) e delas foram extraídos 25 indicadores-chave no desenho de um inquérito que permitiu recolher informação sobre a gestão do solo em 455 explorações agrícolas localizadas nos municípios de El Tuma-La Dalia, El Cuá e Waslala, na Nicarágua, para os analisar numa perspetiva sustentável. Os resultados revelam a necessidade de fortalecer as práticas baseadas em abordagens ecossistêmicas, integrais, holísticas, de igualdade de gênero e participativas. Uma nova iniciativa para a utilização e gestão sustentável da terra (NIGEUS) emerge das nossas conclusões e a sua aplicabilidade dependerá de uma avaliação das partes interessadas.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[América Latina]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[gestión del suelo]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[pequeños agricultores]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Principios de Malawi]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[land management]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Latin America]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Malawi Principles]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[small farmers]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[América latina]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[gestão de terras]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[pequenos agricultores]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Princípios do Malawi]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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