<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>1659-4266</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Cuadernos de Investigación UNED]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Cuadernos de Investigación UNED]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>1659-4266</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Estatal a Distancia de Costa Rica]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S1659-42662023000200036</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22458/urj.v15i2.4689</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Molecular characterization and Plasmodium falciparum transmission risks of Anopheles mosquitoes]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Caracterización molecular y riesgos de transmisión de Plasmodium falciparum de mosquitos Anopheles en Malete, Nigeria]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Obembe]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Abiodun]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Kwara State University Department of Zoology ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Nigeria</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2023</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2023</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>15</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<fpage>36</fpage>
<lpage>45</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1659-42662023000200036&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1659-42662023000200036&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1659-42662023000200036&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract Resumen Introduction: Studies on malaria vector surveillance are useful for evidence-based control in specific communities. Such studies are lacking in Malete, a rapidly growing peri-urban community in Nigeria. Objective: To assess sibling species identity, human blood indices, and Plasmodium falciparum transmission risks by Anopheles mosquitoes, in Malete. Methods: I collected endophilic mosquitoes quarterly from inhabited houses using the pyrethrum spray catch technique. I identified the mosquitoes, and probed for the presence of human blood and P. falciparum, using standard PCR and ELISA methods, respectively. Results: Anopheles mosquitoes (90%) were the most abundant compared to Culex (10%) and Mansonia (0,5%). Specifically, A. gambiae (85%) were predominant over A. coluzzii (11%) and A. arabiensis (3%). The Anopheles sibling species had generally high human blood indices (&#8805;0,82). However, A. gambiae man-biting rates (0,92-3,64) were higher than A. coluzzii (0-0,84) and A. arabiensis (0-0,27). Plasmodium falciparum sporozoite infection (3%) was found only in A. gambiae. Conclusion: While P. falciparum infection was 3%, long-lasting insecticidal nets should be deployed for control in Malete, particularly of A. gambiae.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen Introducción: Los estudios de vigilancia de vectores de malaria son útiles para el control basado en evidencia en comunidades específicas. Tales estudios faltan en Malete, una comunidad periurbana de rápido crecimiento en Nigeria. Objetivo: Evaluar la identidad de especies hermanas, los índices de sangre humana y los riesgos de transmisión de Plasmodium falciparum por mosquitos Anopheles, en Malete. Métodos: Trimestralmente recolecté mosquitos endófilos de casas habitadas, utilizando la técnica de captura por aspersión de piretro. Identifiqué los mosquitos y analicé la presencia de sangre humana y P. falciparum por métodos estándar de PCR y ELISA, respectivamente. Resultados: Los mosquitos Anopheles (90%) fueron, por mucho, más abundantes que Culex (10%) y Mansonia (0,5%). Específicamente, A. gambiae (85%) fue predominante sobre A. coluzzii (11%) y A. arabiensis (3%). Las especies hermanas de Anopheles tenían índices de sangre humana generalmente altos (&#8805;0,82). Sin embargo, las tasas de picadura de A. gambiae (0,92-3,64) fueron más altas que las de A. coluzzii (0-0,84) y A. arabiensis (0-0,27). La infección por esporozoitos de Plasmodium falciparum (3%) solo se encontró en A. gambiae. Conclusión: Si bien la infección por P. falciparum fue del 3%, se podría evaluar mosquiteros insecticidas de larga duración para el control en Malete, particularmente de A. gambiae.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Mosquito]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Anopheles]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Malaria transmission]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Malete]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Kwara State]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Nigeria.]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Mosquito]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Anopheles]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Transmisión de la malaria]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Malete]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Estado de Kwara]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Nigeria.]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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