<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>1659-4266</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Cuadernos de Investigación UNED]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Cuadernos de Investigación UNED]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>1659-4266</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Estatal a Distancia de Costa Rica]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S1659-42662017000100127</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Percepción social y comportamiento ambiental de comunidades cercanas a un río urbano tropical en Costa Rica]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Social perception and environmental behavior of communities near a tropical urban river in Costa Rica]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Santos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Claudio Ureña]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Barrientos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Zaidett]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,claudiotercero@gmail.com  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Estatal a Distancia Laboratorio de Ecología Urbana ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Costa Rica</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2017</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2017</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>9</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<fpage>127</fpage>
<lpage>134</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1659-42662017000100127&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1659-42662017000100127&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1659-42662017000100127&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen Las áreas verdes urbanas son de gran importancia para mantener el equilibrio en las ciudades, sin embargo, hay pocos estudios que analicen la percepción social sobre estas áreas. Realizamos una evaluación comparativa de la percepción ambiental que existe en dos comunidades urbanas de San José, Costa Rica. Las comunidades evaluadas se encuentran separadas por el río Ocloro; una presenta un nivel socioeconómico bajo y la otra un nivel medio-alto. Aplicamos encuestas en 40 casas ubicadas a menos de 150 m del río y a los encargados municipales del manejo de los recursos naturales. Realizamos una evaluación cualitativa del estado del río y su área de protección. Además, medimos la cantidad de metros cuadrados de área verde por habitante en imágenes satelitales. Cuantificamos la cantidad de desagües pluviales y de aguas servidas provenientes de cada comunidad y la colindancia de la zona de protección con construcciones, calles y zonas verdes. No encontramos diferencia significativa en la percepción ambiental de las comunidades. Las comunidades identificaron la vegetación y el río como los principales recursos y ventajas, la contaminación y los malos olores como las principales desventajas y, las campañas de educación ambiental, el mantenimiento del cauce y la reforestación como posibles soluciones. Los encargados municipales coincidieron en identificar al vertido de aguas residuales y la invasión de la zona de protección del río como principales problemas ambientales. La percepción ambiental municipal y comunal de la invasión de la zona de protección del río y su entubación fue inconsistente. Por lo tanto, recomendamos adecuar los programas de educación ambiental para que ambas percepciones coincidan y se ajusten a la realidad. La percepción de ambas comunidades es similar, sin embargo, difieren mucho en su comportamiento. La comunidad de nivel socioeconómico bajo vierte más desagües al río, ha invadido el 37,6% de la zona de protección y el 75% de la misma colinda con construcciones. Se recomienda la educación ambiental participativa para modificar el comportamiento de la comunidad de nivel socioeconómico bajo, así como evitar que las construcciones colinden con la zona de protección de los ríos para prevenir la invasión de la misma. Hay desigualdad en la cantidad de áreas verdes por habitante; la comunidad de nivel socioeconómico bajo tiene 19,5 m2 en tanto que la de nivel medio-alto tiene 108,2 m2. Ambos valores son superiores a los recomendados por la Organización de las Naciones Unidas. Sin embargo, esos espacios verdes no siempre son públicos; principalmente en la comunidad de nivel socioeconómico bajo. Por lo tanto, la tasa efectiva de área verde disponible por habitante podría ser menor.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract Urban green areas are important to keep balance in the cities, but few studies consider people`s perception of these areas. We evaluated and compared the environmental perception of two urban communities in San José, Costa Rica. The analyzed communities are separated by the Ocloro River; one has a low socioeconomic status and the other a mediumhigh level. We conducted surveys in 40 homes located less than 150 m from the river, and local government employees in charge of natural resources management. We performed a qualitative analysis on pollution and alteration of the river and its protected zone. We assessed the state of the river&#8217;s protected area and the green area per inhabitant in satellite images. We also quantified pluvial and sewage drains. Although the environmental perception is similar, behavior varies: the &#8220;low&#8221; community pours more drains into the river and has invaded 38% of the protected area; 75% of the protected area borders constructions and this facilitates invasion. This community has 19 m2 per inhabitant (108 m2 in the other); both meet United Nations Organization&#8217;s standards. Nevertheless, some green areas are off-limits to the public. There was no significant difference between communities&#8217; in environmental perception: both identified vegetation and river as the main resource and advantage; pollution and odors as the main disadvantages; and environmental education, riverbed maintenance and reforestation as possible solutions. Local authorities agreed to identify wastewater and protected area invasion as major problems. We recommend participatory environmental education, especially for the low socioeconomic community.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[educación ambiental]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[colindancia con zonas de protección]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[invasión de áreas de protección]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[cobertura de infraestructura]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[ecosistema urbano]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[ecología urbana]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[environmental education]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[protected area boundary]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[invasion of protected areas]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[infrastructure coverage]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[urban ecology]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[urban ecosystem]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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