<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>1659-4142</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[E-Ciencias de la Información]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[E-Ciencias de la Información]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>1659-4142</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad de Costa Rica, Escuela de Bibliotecología y Ciencias de la Información]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S1659-41422024000100161</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15517/eci.v14i1.55921</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Peer review as a science evaluation tool: main tensions and some alternative proposals]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[La revisión por pares como herramienta de evaluación de la ciencia: principales tensiones y algunas propuestas alternativas]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ortiz Núñez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Roelvis]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Instituto de Información Científica y Tecnológica  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Cuba</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2024</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2024</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>14</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<fpage>161</fpage>
<lpage>182</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1659-41422024000100161&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1659-41422024000100161&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1659-41422024000100161&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract Peer review plays a crucial role in scientific and academic research. However, the different ways that have been implemented have been criticized by the international scientific community. This essay aims to identify the main questionings raised about peer review as a science assessment tool and propose alternative solutions to these discussions. The field of study from which the research was approached was science and technology evaluation studies, a qualitative methodology of exploratory and descriptive scope was applied that included the search, compilation and analysis of various sources of scientific information in English, Spanish and Portuguese languages that addressed the proposed categories. A brief overview of peer review as a science assessment tool is presented, along with a summary of the main types of peer review, as well as their advantages and disadvantages. The text addresses the questionings and biases present in the peer review system that can perpetuate existing scientific paradigms, discourage novel ideas, and reinforce systemic inequalities within academia. Although measures to address these biases have been put in place, peer review remains a human-driven process and is not entirely free of bias or limitations. A series of alternatives are proposed to improve the peer review process with the purpose of strengthening the quality and reliability of peer review, through transparency, diversity and collaboration in scientific research.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen La revisión por pares desempeña un papel crucial en la investigación científica y académica. No obstante, las diferentes formas que se han implementado han sido objeto de críticas por parte de la comunidad científica internacional. Este ensayo tiene como objetivo identificar los principales cuestionamientos desarrollados a la revisión por pares como herramienta de evaluación de la ciencia y proponer soluciones alternativas frente a estas discusiones. El campo de estudio desde el cual se abordó la investigación fue los estudios de evaluación de la ciencia y la tecnología, se aplicó una metodología cualitativa de alcance exploratorio y descriptivo que incluyó la búsqueda, recopilación y análisis de diversas fuentes de información científica en idiomas inglés, español y portugués que abordaran las categorías propuestas. Se presenta un breve recorrido por la revisión por pares como herramienta de evaluación de ciencia y una síntesis de los principales tipos de revisión por pares, así como, sus ventajas y desventajas. El texto aborda el cuestionamiento y sesgos presentes en el sistema de revisión por pares que pueden perpetuar paradigmas científicos existentes, desalentar ideas novedosas y reforzar desigualdades sistémicas dentro de la academia. Aunque se han implementado medidas para abordar estos sesgos, la revisión por pares sigue siendo un proceso impulsado por humanos y no está completamente libre de sesgos o limitaciones. Se propone una serie de alternativas para mejorar el proceso de revisión por pares con el propósito de fortalecer la calidad y confiabilidad de la revisión por pares, mediante la transparencia, la diversidad y la colaboración en la investigación científica.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[scientific and academic research]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Peer review]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Science evaluation]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[investigación científica y académica]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Revisión por pares]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Evaluación de la ciencia]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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