<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>1659-3820</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Comunicación]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Comunicación]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>1659-3820</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Instituto Tecnológico de Costa Rica]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S1659-38202024000200034</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18845/rc.v34i2.7663</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Estudio del sexismo ambivalente en el estudiantado del Instituto Tecnológico de Costa Rica]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Study of Ambivalent Sexism in the Student Body of the Costa Rican Institute of Technology]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ferrey]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Martha Calderón-]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Meza-Cascante]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Luis Gerardo]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sancho-Martínez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Laura]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Álvarez-Hernández]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Mariam]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Camacho]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Mauricio Cedeño]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Camacho]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Laura Queralt]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Instituto Tecnológico de Costa Rica  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Costa Rica</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Instituto Tecnológico de Costa Rica  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Costa Rica</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Instituto Tecnológico de Costa Rica  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Costa Rica</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af4">
<institution><![CDATA[,Instituto Tecnológico de Costa Rica  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Costa Rica</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af5">
<institution><![CDATA[,Instituto Tecnológico de Costa Rica  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Costa Rica</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af6">
<institution><![CDATA[,Instituto Tecnológico de Costa Rica  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Costa Rica</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2024</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2024</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>33</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<fpage>34</fpage>
<lpage>46</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1659-38202024000200034&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1659-38202024000200034&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1659-38202024000200034&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen Se presentan los resultados de un estudio sobre el sexismo ambivalente, y sus dos componentes, el sexismo hostil (SH) y el sexismo benevolente (SB), en estudiantes del Instituto Tecnológico de Costa Rica (ITCR). La concepción tradicional del sexismo ha sido superada a partir de los aportes de Glick y Fiske (1996), quienes plantean que el sexismo está con formado por los dos componentes mencionados, los cuales están claramente diferenciados. El primero coincide con la concepción tradicional de sexismo y el segundo es una expresión más sutil, que incluso conlleva una carga &#8220;positiva&#8221;, la cual parte de estereotipos y roles tradicionales sobre las mujeres. El sexismo benevolente entraña una amenaza por cuan to puede utilizarse para compensar o legitimar el sexismo hostil. Esta es una investigación cuantitativa de tipo descriptivo, que estudia la variable por sexo, rango de edad o zona de procedencia, mediante la aplicación del Inventario de Sexismo Ambivalente (ISA), creado y validado por Glick y Fiske (1996), en la versión en español de Expósito, Moya y Glick (1998). La muestra consta de 517 estudiantes en el año 2022 (42.6% mujeres). En el análisis de los datos, se utilizaron las técnicas estadísticas t de Student T y Kruskall-Wallis. Como resultado, se infiere que existen niveles bajos de sexismo ambivalente, sexismo hostil y sexismo benevolente: hay diferencias entre hombres y mujeres en el sexismo hostil y en el benevolente, los primeros presentan mayores niveles, con tamaño del efecto alto en ambos casos. Los resultados pueden interpretarse como positivos, dado que el nivel de sexismo observado es bajo en las tres categorías. No obstante, por tratarse de una población de nivel educativo alto era esperable que no se presentaran niveles altos de sexismo, por cuanto investigaciones como las de Glick, Lameiras Fernández y Rodríguez-Castro (2002) y León y Aizpurúa (2020) han encontrado que a mayor nivel educativo, menores niveles de sexismo y porque el ITCR tiene una rica historia de incorporación de disposiciones, tanto en sus políticas generales y específicas como en su Modelo académico, que sitúan al ser humano como lo más im portante. Los hallazgos sugieren que los esfuerzos realizados no han sido suficientes, por lo tanto, se deben continuar y robustecer las acciones tendientes a eliminar tanto las concepciones como el comportamiento sexistas del estudiantado.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract The results of a study on ambivalent sexism and its two components, hostile sexism (HS) and benevolent sexism (BS), in students at the Costa Rican Institute of Technology (ITCR, for its acronym in Spanish) are presented. The traditional con ception of sexism has been overcome by the contributions of Glick and Fiske (1996), who state that sexism is made up of the two components mentioned above, which are clearly differentiated. The first coincides with the traditional conception of sexism, and the second is a more subtle expression, which even involves a &#8220;positive&#8221; connotation based on stereotypes and traditional roles for women. Benevolent sexism implies a threat, as it can be used to mitigate or legitimize hostile sexism. This is descriptive quantitative research, which studies the variable by sex, age, or area of origin through the application of the Ambivalent Sexism Inventory (ASI), created and validated by Glick and Fiske (1996), in the Spanish version of Expósito, Moya, and Glick (1998). The sample consists of 517 students in the year 2022 (42.6% female). Student&#8217;s t-test and Kruskall- Wallis statistical techniques were used in the data analysis. As a result, it is inferred that there are low levels of ambivalent sexism, hostile sexism, and benevolent sexism: there are differences between men and women in hostile and benevolent sexism, the first ones presenting higher levels, with high effect sizes in both cases. The results can be interpreted as posi tive, considering the low level of sexism observed in all three categories. However, given the high educational level of this population, it was expected that there would not be high levels of sexism, since research by Glick, Lameiras-Fernández, and Rodríguez Castro (2002) and León and Aizpurúa (2020) found that the higher the level of education, the lower the levels of sexism, and because the ITCR has a strong history of incorporating provisions, both in its general and specific policies as well as in its academic model, that place the human being as the most important thing. The findings suggest that the efforts made have not been sufficient; therefore, it is necessary to continue and strengthen actions aimed at eliminating both con ceptions and sexist behavior among students.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[sexismo ambivalente]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[sexismo hostil]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[sexismo benevolente]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[ambivalent sexism]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[hostile sexism]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[benevolent sexism]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Aguayo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Cómo realizar &#8220;paso a paso&#8221; un contraste de hipótesis con SPSS para Windows y alternativamente con EPIINFO y EPIDAT]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[(II) Aso ciación entre una variable cuantitativa y una ca tegórica (comparación de medias entre dos o más grupos independientes]]></source>
<year>2004</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ayan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gökkaya]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The testing of ambi valent sexism theory]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Cumhuriyet Medical Journal]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>38</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>88-97</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Boira]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chilet-Rosell]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jaramillo-Quiroz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Reinoso]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Sexismo, pensamientos distor sionados y violencia en las relaciones de pareja en estudiantes universitarios de Ecuador de áreas relacionadas con el bienestar y la salud]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Univer sitas Psychologica]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>16</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>1-12</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bonilla-Algovia]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Acceptance of ambivalent sexism in trainee teachers in Spain and Latin Ame rican countries]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Anales de Psicología]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<volume>37</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>253-64</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Burga]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[La unidimensionalidad de un instru mento de medición: Perspectiva factorial]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista de Psicología]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<volume>24</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>53-80</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cea]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Metodología cuantitativa: estra tegias y técnicas de investigación social]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[]]></source>
<year>1999</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Madrid ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Síntesis]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cepeda-González]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. I]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Assessing the impact of gender education on sexism: evidence from co llege students in Madrid]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista Internacional De Pensamiento Político]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<volume>13</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>221-33</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chisango]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mayekiso]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Thomae]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The social nature of benevolent sexism and the antiso cial nature of hostile sexism: Is benevolent sexism more likely to manifest in public contexts and hos tile sexism in private contexts?]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Int J Psychol]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>50</volume>
<numero>5</numero>
<issue>5</issue>
<page-range>363-71</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Espinoza]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Moya]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Willis]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[La re lación entre el miedo a la violación y el sexismo benévolo en una muestra de mujeres de Ciudad Juárez (México)]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Suma Psicológica]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>22</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>71-7</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Esteban]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fernández]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[¿Actitudes sexistas en jóvenes?: Exploración del sexismo ambivalente y neosexismo en población Universitaria]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Femeris: Revista Multidisciplinar De Estudios De Género]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>2</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>137-53</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Expósito]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Moya]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Glick]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Sexis mo ambivalente: medición y correlatos]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista de Psicología Social]]></source>
<year>1998</year>
<volume>13</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>159-69</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fernández]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Arias]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alvarado]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[La escala de sexismo ambivalente en estudiantes de dos universidades de Arequipa]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Avances en Psi cología]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>25</volume>
<page-range>85-96</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Garaigordobil]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Sexism and alexithymia: Correlations and differences as a function of gen der, age, and educational leve]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Anales de psicolo gía]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>29</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>368-77</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Garaigordobil]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Donado]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Sexismo, personalidad, psicopatología y actividades de tiem po libre en adolescentes colombianos: diferencias en función del nivel de desarrollo de la ciudad de residencia]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Psicología desde el Caribe]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>27</volume>
<page-range>85-111</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Glick]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fiske]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mladinic]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Saiz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Abrams]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Masser]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Adetoun]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Osagie]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Akande]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alao]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Brunner]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Willemsen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chipe ta]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dardenne]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dijksterhuis]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wigboldus]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Eckes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Six-Materna]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Expósito]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Moya]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Foddy]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kim]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lameiras]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sotelo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mucchi-Faina]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Romani]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sakalh]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Udeg be]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yamamoto]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ui]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ferreira]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. Lopez]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[W]]></surname>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Beyond Prejudice as Simple Antipathy: Hostile and Benevolent Sexism Across Cultures]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Personality and Social Psychology]]></source>
<year>2000</year>
<volume>79</volume>
<numero>5</numero>
<issue>5</issue>
<page-range>763-75</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Glick]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lameiras]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Castro]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y.R]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Education and Catholic Religiosity as Predictors of Hosti le and Benevolent Sexism Toward Women and Men]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Sex Roles]]></source>
<year></year>
<volume>47</volume>
<page-range>433-41</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Glick]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fiske]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The Ambivalent Sexism In ventory: Differentiating Hostile and Benevolent Se xism]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Personality and Social Psychology]]></source>
<year>1996</year>
<volume>70</volume>
<page-range>491-512</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gutiérrez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B.C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Leaper]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Linking Ambiva lent Sexism to Violence-Against-Women Attitudes and Behaviors: A Three-Level Meta-analytic Re view]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Sexuality &amp; Culture]]></source>
<year>2023</year>
<volume>28</volume>
<page-range>851-82</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jiménez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Montero]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Aplicación del mo delo de Rasch, en el análisis psicométrico de una prueba de diagnóstico en matemática]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista digi tal Matemática, Educación e Internet]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>13</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>1-23</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jost]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kay]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Exposure to Benevolent Sexism and Complementary Gender Stereotypes: Con sequences for Specific and Diffuse Forms of Sys tem Justification]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Personality and Social Psychology]]></source>
<year>2005</year>
<volume>88</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>498-509</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B21">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lameiras]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rodríguez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Assessment of ambivalent sexism in Galician students]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Acción Psi cológica]]></source>
<year>2003</year>
<volume>2</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>131-6</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B22">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lameiras]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Carrera]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rodríguez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Calado]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Actitudes sexistas y conflicto trabajo-familia en profesoras y profesores universitarios gallegos]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Estudios de antropología biológica]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>14</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B23">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[León]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Aizpurúa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Do sexist attitudes persist in college students? An analysis of its preva lence, predictors, and gender differences]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Educa cion XX1]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>23</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>275-96</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B24">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lozano]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[de la Fuente-Solana]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Diseño y validación de cuestionarios]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Pantoja-Vallejo, Manual básico para la realización de tesinas, tesis y trabajos de investigación]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<page-range>251-74</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[España ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Editorial EOS]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B25">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Malonda]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[El sexismo en la adolescencia. Factores psicosociales moduladores]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Tesis doctoral, Universidad de Valencia]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B26">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Molina]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rosero]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Estereotipos de gé nero interiorizados y sexismo ambivalente en es tudiantes de la Carrera de Psicopedagogía de Ter cero y Sexto Semestre de la Universidad Central del Ecuador en el periodo 2021-2022]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Trabajo de titulación modalidad Proyecto de Investigación previo a la obtención del título de Licenciada/o en Ciencias de la Educación, mención &#8220;Psicología Educativa y Orientación&#8221;, Universidad Central de Ecuador]]></source>
<year>2022</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B27">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Morales-Vallejo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[El tamaño del efecto (effect size): análisis complementarios al contraste de me dias]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[https://web.upcomillas.es/ personal/peter/investigacion/Tama%f1oDelEfecto. pdf]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B28">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Moya]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Glick]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Expósito]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[de Lemus]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hart]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[It&#8217;s for Your Own Good: Benevo lent Sexism and Women&#8217;s Reactions to Protec tively Justified Restrictions]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Personality and So cial Psychology Bulletin]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
<volume>33</volume>
<numero>10</numero>
<issue>10</issue>
<page-range>1421-34</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B29">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Moya]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Páez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Glick]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fernández]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Poes chl]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Sexismo, Masculinidad-Feminidad y Factores Culturales]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista Española de Motiva ción y Emoción]]></source>
<year>2002</year>
<volume>3</volume>
<page-range>127-42</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B30">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Oliveira]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Boas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Heras]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Estereótipos de género e sexismo em docentes do ensino supe rior]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista iberoamericana de educación superior]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>7</volume>
<numero>19</numero>
<issue>19</issue>
<page-range>22-41</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B31">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Paredes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Sexismo Ambivalente en Estu diantes Universitarios de Antropología, Medicina e Ingeniería Química]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista Educación y Ciencia, Cuarta Época]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>2</volume>
<numero>5</numero>
<issue>5</issue>
<page-range>19-32</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B32">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pérez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Un estudio sobre el machismo invi sible]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Tesis de licenciatura en criminología, Univer sidad del País Vasco]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B33">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Poves]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ysla]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Adaptación del Inventa rio de Sexismo Ambivalente ISA en estudiantes universitarios de Lima Metropolitana]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[https://repositorio.ucv.edu.pe/hand le/20.500.12692/87650]]></source>
<year>2022</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B34">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rodríguez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mancinas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Sexismo am bivalente en estudiantes universitarios mexicanos de la Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León: ¿son necesarias iniciativas preventivas y educativas?]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Re vista Sexología y Sociedad]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>23</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>19-26</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B35">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rodríguez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Magalhãe]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Peixoto]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Sexismo ambivalente: actitudes y creencias hacia la violencia de género]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista Ártemis]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<numero>11</numero>
<issue>11</issue>
<page-range>133-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B36">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rodríguez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lameiras]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Carrera]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Failde]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Aproximación conceptual al sexismo am bivalente: estado de la cuestión]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[SUMMA Psicoló gica UST]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<volume>6</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>131-42</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B37">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rojas-Solís]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. L]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Sexismo ambivalente en alumnos de la Universidad de Salamanca (Ambi valent sexism in students from University of Sala manca)]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[International Journal of Developmental and Educational Psychology INFAD]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>4</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>627-63</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B38">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ticllas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Homofobia y sexis mo ambivalente en estudiantes de una universidad privada de lima metropolitana]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[https://repositorio.uap.edu. pe/xmlui/handle/20.500.12990/9021]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B39">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zakrisson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Anderzén]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lenell]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sandelin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Ambivalent sexism: A tool for understan ding and improving gender relations in organiza tions]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Scandinavian Journal of Psychology]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>53</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>64-70</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
