<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>1659-3820</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Comunicación]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Comunicación]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>1659-3820</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Instituto Tecnológico de Costa Rica]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S1659-38202024000100151</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18845/rc.v33i1.7193</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[La música de los Ainur y el problema de la libertad]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[The music of the Ainur and the problem of freedom]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Haddad Bernat]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Pedro Humberto]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco Sociedad Tolkiendili]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2024</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2024</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>33</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<fpage>151</fpage>
<lpage>159</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1659-38202024000100151&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1659-38202024000100151&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1659-38202024000100151&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen: El determinismo es la tesis que sostiene que en el mundo todo cuanto ocurre está preestablecido por las leyes que gobiernan el cosmos. Tal visión entra en conflicto con la existencia de la libertad y el albedrío, pues toda acción, decisión u obra humana estaría sujeta a las leyes que gobiernan el cosmos y determinan su proceder. De forma ineludible, ello impacta las prácticas de juzgar las acciones de otros y atribuir responsabilidades. Este conflicto es especialmente patente en el caso del mundo secundario de Tolkien, donde Eä es el producto directo de los designios de Dios preestablecidos en la Música de los Ainur. Este trabajo es un modesto repaso de estas cuestiones a propósito de la obra de J.R.R. Tolkien, y aspira a rememorar una concepción contemporánea de la cuestión del determinismo de manera que pase a ser un problema secundario.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract Determinism states that everything that happens in the world is previously established in the laws that govern the cosmos. Such a view conflicts with the existence of freedom and free will since every action, decision or human work would be subjected to the laws governing the cosmos, determined by them. This would also inescapably affect our conception of the human practices of judging the actions of others and assigning responsibilities. This conflict seems especially clear in the case of the secondary world of Tolkien, where Eä is explicitly designed by God and his will is set upon the world through the Music of the Ainur. This paper is but a modest review of these issues under the light of J.R.R. Tolkien&#8217;s works and aims to recover a contemporary conception of determinism so that it becomes a secondary problem.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[determinismo]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[libertad]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[libre albedrío]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[responsabilidad]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[determinism]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[freedom]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[free will]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[responsibility]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
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</article>
