<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>1659-0201</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Población y Salud en Mesoamérica]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[PSM]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>1659-0201</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad de Costa Rica. Centro Centroamericano de Población]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S1659-02012023000200115</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15517/psm.v21i1.53560</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="pt"><![CDATA[Covid-19 e isolamento social: a saúde mental de estudantes do ensino]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Covid-19 and social isolation: the mental health of higher education students]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Covid-19 y aislamiento social: la salud mental de los estudiantes de enseñanza superior]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nazaré Oliveira]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Eliany]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[do Nascimento Silva]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Emília]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cavalcante Lima]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Leticia Mara]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Oliveira Ferreira]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Isabelly]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[San Rodrigues]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Caio]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ferreira Lima]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Gleisson]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Silva do Nascimento]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ravena]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Monteiro da Silva]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Lídia Cristina]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Guimarães Ximenes Neto]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Francisco Rosemiro]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidade Estadual Vale do Acaraú  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Brasil</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidade Estadual Vale do Acaraú  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Brasil</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidade Estadual Vale do Acaraú  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Brasil</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af4">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidade Federal do Ceará  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Brasil</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af5">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidade Estadual Vale do Acaraú  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Brasil</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af6">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidade Federal do Ceará  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Brasil</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af7">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidade Estadual Vale do Acaraú  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Brasil</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af8">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidade Estadual Vale do Acaraú  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Brasil</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af9">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidade Estadual Vale do Acaraú  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Brasil</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2023</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2023</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>21</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<fpage>115</fpage>
<lpage>130</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1659-02012023000200115&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1659-02012023000200115&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1659-02012023000200115&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="pt"><p><![CDATA[Resumo Objetivo: Analisar a relação entre o processo de ensino aprendizagem e a saúde mental de estudantes do ensino superior do estado do Ceará, Brasil, durante o isolamento social na pandemia Covid-19. Método: Estudo exploratório, descritivo e transversal, realizado com 3.691 estudantes universitários no ano de 2020. Analisaram-se as variáveis preocupação com a continuidade do curso de forma presencial, condições de acesso à internet e satisfação em relação à participação nas atividades pedagógicas durante o isolamento. Verificaram-se relações positivas (r&gt;0) e estatisticamente significativas (p&lt;0,001) entre a Escala Global MHI-38, as dimensões Bem-estar positivo e Distresse, as dimensões primárias e melhores condições de acesso à internet e satisfação quanto às atividades pedagógicas da instituição. Resultados: Constataram-se relações negativas (r&lt;0) e estatisticamente significativas (p&lt;0,001) entre as dimensões mensuradas e a preocupação com a continuidade do curso de forma presencial. As dimensões primárias apresentaram tendência para aumentar com o aumento da satisfação em relação às atividades pedagógicas e das condições de acesso à internet. Por outro lado, as dimensões primárias diminuíram com o aumento da preocupação com a continuidade do curso de forma presencial. Conclusão: Os resultados sugerem que a mudança no modelo de ensino aprendizagem impactou de forma significativa a saúde mental dos estudantes e que melhores condições de acesso às atividades tendem a otimizar o quadro, enquanto o intenso cenário de preocupação torna o adoecimento psíquico mais expressivo. Logo, cabe às instituições a criação e o fortalecimento das políticas de assistência aos discentes no âmbito da saúde mental.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract Objective: Analyze the relationship between the teaching-learning process and the mental health of higher education students in Ceará State, Brazil, during social isolation caused by the Covid-19 pandemic. Method: An exploratory, descriptive, and cross-sectional study was conducted with 3,691 university students in 2020. The variables concerned with the continuity of the course in person, internet access conditions, and satisfaction regarding participation in pedagogical activities during isolation were analyzed. There were positive (r&gt;0) and statistically significant (p&lt;0.001) relationships between the MHI-38 Global Scale, the Positive well-being and Distress dimensions, the primary dimensions, and better internet access conditions and satisfaction with the pedagogical activities of the institution. Results: On the other hand, negative (r&lt;0) and statistically significant (p&lt;0.001) relationships were found between the assessed dimensions and the concern with continuing the course in person. The primary dimensions tended to increase with increasing satisfaction with pedagogical activities and internet access conditions. On the other hand, the primary dimensions decreased with the increase in the concern with the continuity of the in-person course. Conclusion: The results suggest that the change in the teaching-learning model significantly impacted the students' mental health and that better conditions of access to activities tend to optimize the picture, while the intense scenario of concern makes the psychic illness more expressive. Therefore, it is up to the institutions to create and strengthen mental health policies for students.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen Objetivo: analizar la relación entre el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje y la salud mental de estudiantes de enseñanza superior del estado de Ceará, Brasil, durante el aislamiento social provocado por la pandemia de Covid-19. Método: Se realizó un estudio exploratorio, descriptivo y transversal con 3.691 estudiantes universitarios en 2020. Se analizaron las variables relacionadas con la continuidad del curso presencial, las condiciones de acceso a internet y la satisfacción con la participación en actividades pedagógicas durante el aislamiento. Hubo relaciones positivas (r&gt;0) y estadísticamente significativas (p&lt;0,001) entre la Escala Global MHI-38, las dimensiones Bienestar positivo y Angustia, las dimensiones primarias y mejores condiciones de acceso a internet y satisfacción con las actividades pedagógicas de la institución. Resultados: se encontraron relaciones negativas (r&lt;0) y estadísticamente significativas (p&lt;0,001) entre las dimensiones medidas y la preocupación por continuar el curso presencialmente. Las dimensiones primarias tendieron a aumentar con el aumento de la satisfacción con las actividades pedagógicas y las condiciones de acceso a Internet. Por otro lado, las dimensiones primarias disminuyeron con el aumento de la preocupación por la continuidad del curso presencial. Conclusión: Los resultados sugieren que el cambio en el modelo de enseñanza-aprendizaje impactó significativamente la salud mental de los estudiantes y que mejores condiciones de acceso a las actividades tienden a optimizar el cuadro, mientras que el escenario de intensa preocupación hace más expresiva la enfermedad psíquica. Por lo tanto, corresponde a las instituciones crear y fortalecer políticas de salud mental para los estudiantes.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[COVID-19]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[saúde mental]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[educação a distância]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[COVID-19]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[mental health]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[distance education]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[COVID-19]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[salud mental]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[educación a distancia]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Barros]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A. S. V.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Expansão da educação superior no Brasil, limites e possiblidades]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Educação e sociedade]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>36</volume>
<numero>131</numero>
<issue>131</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Costa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B. R. L.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Bola de Neve Virtual: O Uso das Redes Sociais Virtuais no Processo de Coleta de Dados de uma Pesquisa Científica]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista Interdisciplinar de Gestão Social]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>7</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Deslandes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S. F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Coutinho]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[O uso intensivo da internet por crianças e adolescentes no contexto da COVID-19 e os riscos para violências autoinflingidas]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Ciência &amp; Saúde Coletiva]]></source>
<year>2022</year>
<volume>25</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Figueiredo Filho]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D. B.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Silva Junior]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Desvendando os mistérios do coeficiente de correlação de Pearson (r)]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista Política Hoje]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<volume>18</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gundim]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Encarnação]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Santos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F. C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Santos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vasconcellos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Souza]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R. C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Saúde mental de estudantes universitários durante a pandemia de covid-19]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista Baiana de Enfermagem]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>35</volume>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Rio de Janeiro: IBGE]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Leal]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K. C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Oliveira]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P. D. S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rodrigues]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P. R. G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fogaça]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F. F. S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Desafios enfrentados na universidade pública e a saúde mental dos estudantes]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista Humanidades e Inovaçã]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>6</volume>
<numero>8</numero>
<issue>8</issue>
<page-range>59-69</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Melo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B. D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pereira]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D. R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Serpeloni]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kabad]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kadri]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Souza]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rabelo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I. V. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Fiocruz]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>Ministério da Saúde</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Diário Oficial da União]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Moreira]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Henriques]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Barros]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Transitando de um ensino remoto emergencial para uma educação digital em rede, em tempos de pandemia]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Dialogia]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>34</volume>
<page-range>351-64</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Oliveira]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E. N.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Mental Health during the new Coronavirus Pandemic: some necessary reflections]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Research, Society and Development]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>9</volume>
<numero>8</numero>
<issue>8</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>Organização Pan-Americana da Saúde</collab>
<source><![CDATA[OPAS]]></source>
<year>2022</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<source><![CDATA[Diário Oficial da União]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Reis]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Leal]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[A importância da democratização digital e seus reflexos na educação mediante a pandemia do COVID-19]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Brazilian Journal of Development]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<volume>7</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>10371-80</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ribeiro]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. L. P.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Placebo]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[X.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Xu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ho]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C. S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ho]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R. C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Immediate Psychological Responses and Associated Factors during the Initial Stage of the 2019 Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Epidemic among the General Population in China]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>17</volume>
<numero>5</numero>
<issue>5</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[X.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hegde]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Son]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Keller]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Smith]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sasangohar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Investigating Mental Health of US College Students During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Cross-Sectional Survey Study]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Medical Internet Research]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>22</volume>
<numero>9</numero>
<issue>9</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
