<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>1409-2433</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista de Matemática Teoría y Aplicaciones]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Rev. Mat]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>1409-2433</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Centro de Investigaciones en Matemática Pura y Aplicada (CIMPA) y Escuela de Matemática, San José, Costa Rica.]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S1409-24332025000100033</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15517/rmta.v32i1.57678</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[A robust stability criterion in the heat equation with a conformable fractional derivative defined on a radially symmetric sphere]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Un criterio de estabilidad robusta en la ecuación de calor con una derivada fraccionaria conformable general definida]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[sobre una esfera radialmente simétrica]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Temoltzi-Ávila]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Raúl]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ávila-Pozos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Roberto]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cruz-Castillo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ricardo]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jiménez-Munguía]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ronald R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Santillán-Hernández]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Alma S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo Área Académica de Matemáticas y Física ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Mineral de la Reforma ]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo Área Académica de Matemáticas y Física ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Mineral de la Reforma ]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo Área Académica de Matemáticas y Física ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Mineral de la Reforma ]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af4">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo Área Académica de Matemáticas y Física ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Mineral de la Reforma ]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af5">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo Área Académica de Matemáticas y Física ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Mineral de la Reforma ]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>03</month>
<year>2025</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>03</month>
<year>2025</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>32</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<fpage>33</fpage>
<lpage>51</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1409-24332025000100033&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1409-24332025000100033&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1409-24332025000100033&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract In this paper, we present a robust stability criterion for a heat equation with axial symmetry and with a general time-conformable fractional derivative defined on a sphere. The heat equation is assumed to have a heat source that is represented as a Fourier series with coefficients described by bounded, piecewise continuous functions. The robust stability criterion establishes conditions to guarantee that the solution of the heat equation, along with its partial derivative with respect to the radial axis and its general time-conformable fractional derivative, remains bounded by a predetermined value. The robust stability criterion is obtained by extending the concept of stability under constant-acting perturbations applied to systems of ordinary differential equations. The results are illustrated numerically.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen En este artículo, presentamos un criterio de estabilidad robusta para una ecuación de calor con simetría axial y con derivada fraccionaria general conformable en el tiempo definida en una esfera. Se supone que la ecuación de calor admite una fuente de calor externa que se representa como una serie de Fourier con coeficientes descritos por funciones continuas a trozos y acotadas. El criterio de estabilidad robusta establece condiciones para garantizar que la solución de la ecuación de calor, así como su derivada parcial con respecto al eje radial y su derivada fraccionaria conformable general en el tiempo, son funciones acotadas por un valor constante prefijado. El criterio de estabilidad robusta se obtiene por una extensión del concepto de estabilidad bajo perturbaciones de acción constante que se aplica a sistemas de ecuaciones diferenciales ordinarias. Los resultados se ilustran numéricamente.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[General conformable fractional derivative]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Heat equation]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Fourier series]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Robust stability.]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Derivada fraccionaria conformable general]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Ecuación de calor]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Series de Fourier]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Estabilidad robusta.]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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