<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0379-3982</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista Tecnología en Marcha]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Tecnología en Marcha]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0379-3982</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Instituto Tecnológico de Costa Rica]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0379-39822023000400094</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18845/tm.v36i4.6398</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Remoción de parámetros fisicoquímicos y microbiológicos de plantas de tratamiento de aguas residuales del Gran Área Metropolitana, Costa Rica]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Remotion of physicochemical and microbiological parameters on wastewater treatment plants in Costa Rica&#8217;s Great Metropolitan Area]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chacón-Jiménez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Luz María]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Morales-Mora]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Eric]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alfaro-Arrieta]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ernesto]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Valiente-Alvarez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Carmen]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Reyes-Lizano]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Liliana]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Barrantes-Jiménez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Kenia]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de Costa Rica  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Costa Rica</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de Costa Rica  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Costa Rica</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Instituto Costarricense de Acueductos y Alcantarillados  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Costa Rica</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af4">
<institution><![CDATA[,Instituto Costarricense de Acueductos y Alcantarillados  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Costa Rica</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af5">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de Costa Rica  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Costa Rica</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af6">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de Costa Rica  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Costa Rica</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2023</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2023</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>36</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<fpage>94</fpage>
<lpage>106</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0379-39822023000400094&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0379-39822023000400094&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0379-39822023000400094&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen Las aguas residuales inadecuadamente tratadas son un factor de riesgo para la salud pública dado que son un vehículo de diseminación de microorganismos patógenos como virus entéricos. Sin embargo, la circulación de patógenos virales en esta matriz ha sido poco estudiada en la región. El objetivo de este trabajo fue describir la presencia de cinco virus enteropatógenos y parámetros operativos básicos, en afluentes y efluentes de cinco plantas de tratamiento de aguas residuales (PTAR) con sistemas de lodos activados, ubicadas en el Gran Área Metropolitana de Costa Rica durante el 2013. Los patógenos virales estudiados fueron: enterovirus, virus de hepatitis A, rotavirus A, norovirus G1 y norovirus G2 (determinados por PCR punto final); mientras que los parámetros de control de rendimiento analizados incluyeron disponibilidad bioquímica de oxígeno, disponibilidad química de oxígeno, sólidos suspendidos, sólidos sedimentables, grasas y aceites, sustancias activas al azul de metileno y coliformes fecales. A nivel fisicoquímico todas las plantas mostraron un rendimiento aceptable, caso contrario a los parámetros microbiológicos, todos los virus investigados fueron detectados en aguas tratadas y no tratadas durante todo el año, siendo más frecuentes durante la época seca. El virus más frecuente fue rotavirus, seguido por norovirus G1. En conclusión, este estudio describe que durante el periodo estudiado las PTAR fueron eficientes en la remoción de parámetros fisicoquímicos, y que la circulación de virus entéricos es común en las PTAR estudiadas. Por ello, es necesaria la inclusión de procesos de desinfección adicionales para una descarga segura de las aguas tratadas.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract Inefficient treated wastewaters are a critical factor for public health due to can be a dissemination vehicle for pathogens such as enteric viruses; nevertheless, the enteric viral circulation has been poorly studied in our region. This work aims to study the presence of five enteric virus, in parallel with operative parameters, in affluents and effluents of five wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) located in the Greater Metropolitan Area of Costa Rica in 2013. The viral pathogens studied were enterovirus, hepatitis A virus, rotavirus A, and norovirus GI and GII (determined by end point PCR technique); since basic control parameters analyzed were biochemical oxygen demand, chemical oxygen demand, suspended solids, settable solids, fats and oils, blue methylene active substances, and fecal coliforms. All wastewater treatment plants showed acceptable removal of physicochemical parameters, but with microbial parameters, its efficiency was low; all enteric viruses were detected year-round at effluents and influents of the WWTP, with a predominance during the dry season. The most frequently detected virus was rotavirus, followed by norovirus G1. In conclusion, the studied wastewater treatment plants are efficient to remove physicochemical parameters; the year circulation of enteric virus in Costa Rica was demonstrated, and finally, a wastewater treatment plant improvement it is necessary to achieved treated waters safety discharges.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Agua residual]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[virus]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[saneamiento]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[vigilancia ambiental]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[higiene ambiental]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Wastewater]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[virus]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[sanitary engineering]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[environmental monitoring]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[environmental health]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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