<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0379-3982</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista Tecnología en Marcha]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Tecnología en Marcha]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0379-3982</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Instituto Tecnológico de Costa Rica]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0379-39822023000200118</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18845/tm.v36i2.6672</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Análisis de la situación actual de residuos marinos en Costa Rica]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Marine litter present situation in Costa Rica]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Abarca-Guerrero]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Lilliana]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Acuña-Piedra]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Andrea]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Astorga-Pérez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[María Angélica]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ulate-Naranjo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Karol]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lobo-Ugalde]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Susy]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rudin-Vega]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Victoria]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Instituto Tecnológico de Costa Rica  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Costa Rica</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Instituto Tecnológico de Costa Rica.  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Costa Rica</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Instituto Tecnológico de Costa Rica.  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Costa Rica</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af4">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Nacional  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Costa Rica</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af5">
<institution><![CDATA[,Asociación Centroamericana para la Economía, la Salud y el Ambiente  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Costa Rica</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af6">
<institution><![CDATA[,Asociación Centroamericana para la Economía, la Salud y el Ambiente  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Costa Rica</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2023</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2023</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>36</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<fpage>118</fpage>
<lpage>134</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0379-39822023000200118&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0379-39822023000200118&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0379-39822023000200118&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen Alrededor del año 2007 las Naciones Unidas indicaban preocupación por los residuos sólidos que estaban llegando al mar producto de las actividades en las zonas terrestres, así como propiamente las generadas en el mar, amenazando la salud de los océanos, la seguridad y calidad de los alimentos, la salud humana, el turismo costero y la fuente de trabajo de muchos pescadores, cuyo sustento depende del mar. Costa Rica cuenta con dos costas, una en el Océano Pacífico y otra en el mar Caribe, con abundantes recursos naturales tanto en los ecosistemas marinos como en los terrestres. Pero estos, se encuentran severamente amenazados debido al abuso que se ha dado a los recursos y a las actividades antropogénicas. Por lo anterior y sumándose al interés global de proteger los océanos, el gobierno de Costa Rica realiza el Plan Nacional de Residuos Marinos de manera participativa e intersectorial. Para ello se efectúa un análisis de línea base con información recolectada de literatura internacional y nacional, con talleres participativos donde se presenta la información de la situación actual de la gestión de residuos, con visitas a asociaciones de pescadores en el Pacífico y en el Caribe, entrevistas, cuestionarios y discusión de los temas relevantes para el país. El resultado de la recolección de la información es lo que se presenta en este artículo. En él se resume el aporte de las fuentes terrestres y marinas, el impacto a los ecosistemas, el monitoreo que se realiza, los distintos programas de educación sensibilización e información con que se cuenta, la normativa internacional y nacional, terminando con un análisis de las actividades de investigación, desarrollo y los retos para la innovación. Se presentan además conclusiones sobre el estado actual de la gestión de residuos marinos en los distintos ámbitos analizados.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract In 2007, the United Nations indicated the concern around the impact of solid waste affecting the oceans as a result of land-based and marine activities, threatening the health of the oceans, food security, food quality, human health and tourism and livelihoods for those that depend on the ocean. Costa Rica has two coasts, one in the Pacific Ocean and the other in the Caribbean Sea, with abundant natural resources in both marine and terrestrial ecosystems. However, they are severely threatened due to the resources abuse and the anthropogenic activities. Due to the above and in addition to the global interest in protecting the oceans, the government of Costa Rica embarked in the formulation of the National Marine Litter Plan, with the participation of actors from all sectors. For this, a baseline analysis was carried out with information collected from international and national literature, with participatory workshops as a means for data collection, on site visits to fishermen&#8217;s associations in the Pacific and the Caribbean, interviews, questionnaires and discussions about the relevant issues. The results of these enquires are presented in this article. It summarizes the contribution of land and marine-based sources, the impact on ecosystems, the monitoring activities that are carried out, the different education, awareness and information programs available, the international and national regulations, ending with an analysis of the research and development activities and the challenges for innovation. Conclusions are also presented on the current state of marine litter for the topics analyzed.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Residuos marinos]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[fuentes de residuos]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[plan de gestión]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[sensibilización]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[normativa]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[monitoreo]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Marine litter]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[sources of marine litter]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[management plan]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[awareness]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[norms]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[monitoring]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
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