<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0377-9424</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Agronomía Costarricense]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Agron. Costarricense]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0377-9424</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad de Costa Rica. Colegio de Ingenieros y Agrónomos. Ministerio de Agricultura y Ganadería]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0377-94242022000200029</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15517/rac.v46i2.52044</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Evaluación de metodologías para determinar las características físicas de un sustrato de fibra de coco]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Evaluation of methodologies to determine the physical characteristics of a coconut fiber substrate]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Soto-Bravo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Freddy]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Betancourt-Flores]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Alejandro]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de Costa Rica Estación Experimental Agrícola Fabio Baudrit Moreno ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Costa Rica</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de Costa Rica Estación Experimental Agrícola Fabio Baudrit Moreno ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Costa Rica</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2022</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2022</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>46</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<fpage>29</fpage>
<lpage>42</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0377-94242022000200029&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0377-94242022000200029&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0377-94242022000200029&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen Introducción. El incremento en la demanda de sustratos como medio de cultivo alternativo a suelos contaminados con complejos de fitopatógenos, plantea la necesidad de validar metodologías para la evaluación agronómica de sus características físicas y químicas. Aunque existen diferentes métodos, la falta de validación y homologación entre y dentro de países, dificulta el control de calidad de materiales nacionales e importados, lo que limita el éxito de cultivos en sustrato. Objetivo. Evaluar 3 distintas metodologías para determinar las características físicas de un sustrato de fibra de coco. Materiales y métodos. Se evaluaron los métodos de porómetro, contenedor &#8220;in situ&#8221; y caja de arena para determinar la densidad aparente (DA) y los porcentajes de componente sólido (CS), de humedad (&#952;) a capacidad de contenedor (&#952; CC), de capacidad de aireación (CA) y de porosidad total (PT). Adicionalmente, la caja de arena permitió determinar los contenidos de humedad a diferentes potenciales mátricos desde &#952; CC hasta punto de marchitez permanente (PMP). Resultados. Los valores de CA, &#952; CC, PT y CS no fueron estadísticamente diferentes (p&gt;0,05) entre métodos, y únicamente la DA fue ligeramente inferior (p&lt;0,05) en el método del porómetro. Conforme incrementó la &#952; CC desde 74,9% en el método de contenedor hasta 77,18% en la caja de arena, al mismo tiempo la CA tuvo un comportamiento inverso al disminuir desde 16,33% hasta 15,13%. Consecuentemente, la PT y el CS fueron similares entre métodos, con valores promedio de 91,67% y 8,47%, respectivamente. El método de caja de arena, a diferencia de los otros, permitió construir la curva de desorción de agua:aire y así determinar los contenidos de agua fácilmente disponible (AFD: 23,6%), de agua de reserva (AR: 2,3%) y de agua no disponible (AND: 49,9%). Conclusión. Todos los métodos permitieron determinar las características físicas de DA, CA, &#952;CC, PT y CS de la fibra de coco. Los métodos de porómetro y contenedor "in situ", presentan las ventajas de ser muy prácticos a un bajo costo, sin embargo, en comparación al método de caja de arena no permiten la elaboración de la curva de liberación de agua y aire y la determinación de los diferentes tipos de agua en el sustrato.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract Introduction. The increase in the demand for substrates as an alternative growing medium to soils contaminated with phytopathogen complexes, raises the need to validate methodologies for the agronomic evaluation of their physical and chemical characteristics. Although there are different methods, the lack of validation and standardization between and within countries makes it difficult to control the quality of national and imported materials, which limits the success of substrate crops. Objective. To evaluate 3 different methodologies for the evaluation of the physical characteristics of coconut fiber substrate. Materials and methods. The porometer, &#8220;in situ&#8221; container and sandbox methods were evaluated to determine apparent density (AD) and the percentages of solid component (SC), volumetric water content (&#952;) at container capacity (&#952; CC), aeration capacity (AC) and total porosity (TP). Additionally, the sandbox method allowed determining moisture contents at matric potentials from &#952; CC to permanent wilting point (PWP). Results. The values of AC, &#952;CC, TP and SC were not statistically different (p&gt;0.05) between methods, and only DA was slightly lower (p&lt;0.05) in the porometer method. As the &#952;CC increased from 74.9% in the container method to 77.18% in the sandbox, and at the same time the AC had an inverse behavior decreasing from 16.33% to 15.13%. The PT and CS were very similar in the three methods, with average values of 91.67% and 8.47%, respectively. The sandbox method, unlike the others, made it possible to construct the water:air desorption curve and to determine the contents of readily available water (AFD: 23.6%), reserve water (AR: 2.3%) and water not available (AND: 49.9%). Conclusion. All the methods allowed to determine the physical characteristics of AD, AC, &#952;CC, PT and CS of the coconut fiber. The "in situ" porometer and container methods have the advantages of being very practical at a low cost, however, compared to the sandbox method, they did not allow the elaboration of the water and air release curve and the determination of the different types of water in the substrate.]]></p></abstract>
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<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Cultivo sin suelo]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[capacidad de contenedor]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[capacidad de aireación]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[agua total disponible]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Soilless crops]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[container capacity]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[aeration capacity]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[total available water]]></kwd>
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</article-meta>
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