<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0256-7024</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista Geológica de América Central]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Rev. Geol. Amér. Central]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0256-7024</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad de Costa Rica]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0256-70242022000100018</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15517/rgac.v66i0.48590</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[The fossil vertebrates of Guatemala]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Los vertebrados fósiles de Guatemala]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lucas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Spencer G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Romero]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Jorge E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vásquez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Osmín J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alvarado]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Guillermo E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>USA</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Geología Ambiental (Private company)  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Guatemala</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,University of San Carlos de Guatemala North University Center Geology]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Guatemala</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af4">
<institution><![CDATA[,University of Costa Rica (UCR) Research Center in Geologial Sciences (CICG by its acronym in Spanish) ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Costa Rica</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2022</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2022</year>
</pub-date>
<numero>66</numero>
<fpage>18</fpage>
<lpage>51</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0256-70242022000100018&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0256-70242022000100018&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0256-70242022000100018&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract The fossil vertebrates of Guatemala are almost exclusively fossils of mammals and are of late Miocene (Hemphillian) and mostly late Pleistocene (Rancholabrean) age. The only lower vertebrates are the crocodile fossil Crocodilus moreletti collected in the Río La Pasión area, a turtle from El Trifinio and fishes from Río Carboneras. The late Miocene mammals are the proboscidean Gomphotherium, an aceratheriine rhinoceros and the horse Neohipparion from the Río Carboneras in Izabal; the holotype of &#8220;Serridentinus guatemalensis&#8221; (nomen dubium) from Chinautla in the Department of Guatemala is also a specimen of Gomphotherium of likely late Miocene age. Late Pleistocene vertebrates are known from at least 36 localities in Guatemala, but only six of these yield at least four documented genera of mammals-Chivacabé, Ciudad Real, El Rosario, Estanzuela, Río La Pasión and San Rafaelito. The combined list of Guatemalan late Pleistocene mammal genera is Canis, Cuvieronius, Dicotyles, Equus, Eremotherium, Euceratherium, Glyptotherium, Holmesina, Mammuthus, Mazama, Megalonyx, Mixotoxodon, Neochoerus, Odocoileus, Pachyarmatherium, Palaeolama, Paramylodon, and Tapirus. The late Pleistocene mammals from Guatemala resemble broadly correlative mammal assemblages from throughout Central America in being dominated by the fragmentary remains of large herbivorous mammals and in having a mixture of immigrants from both North and South America. They thus well reflect a substantial taphonomic megabias in the Central American Pleistocene mammal record towards large mammals with large and durable skeletal parts that are easily preserved and readily discovered. This megabias renders problematic direct biological inferences from the Guatemalan Pleistocene mammal record. Mammoth records from Guatemala are relatively numerous for a Central American country but so few that inferring extensive grasslands or positing migration routs of mammoths from these records are questionable. There is no demonstrable association of humans with extinct Pleistocene megamammals in Guatemala despite claims to the contrary. The suggestion that during the late Pleistocene Guatemala was north of a biogeographic juncture between North and South America lacks any support. The Guatemalan fossil vertebrate record needs extensive augmentation, with an appropriate stratigraphic context, especially of lower vertebrates and micromammals, to provide further insight into vertebrate history in Central America during the last 10 million years.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen Los vertebrados fósiles de Guatemala son casi exclusivamente fósiles de mamíferos y pertenecen al Mioceno tardío (Hemphillian) y mayoritariamente al Pleistoceno tardío (Rancholabrean). Solamente en el Río La Pasión se recolectó un cocodrilo Crocodilus moreletti, una tortuga encontrada en El Trifinio y peces en el Río Carboneras. Los mamíferos del Mioceno tardío son el proboscidio Gomphotherium, un rinoceronte aceratheriine y el caballo Neohipparion del Río Carboneras en Izabal; el holotipo de &#8220;Serridentinus guatemalensis&#8221; (nomen dubium) de Chinautla del Departamento de Guatemala también es un espécimen de Gomphotherium de probable edad del Mioceno tardío. Se conocen vertebrados del Pleistoceno tardío en al menos 36 localidades de Guatemala, pero solo seis de ellos producen al menos cuatro géneros documentados de mamíferos: Chivacabé, Ciudad Real, El Rosario, Estanzuela, Río La Pasión y San Rafaelito. La lista combinada de géneros de mamíferos guatemaltecos del Pleistoceno tardío es Canis, Cuvieronius, Dicotyles, Equus, Eremotherium, Euceratherium, Glyptotherium, Holmesina, Mammuthus, Mazama, Megalonyx, Mixotoxodon, Neochoerus, Odocoileus, Pachyarmatherium, Palaeolama, Paramylodon y Tapirus. Los mamíferos del Pleistoceno tardío de Guatemala se asemejan a conjuntos de mamíferos ampliamente correlativos de toda América Central, por estar dominados por los restos fragmentarios de grandes mamíferos herbívoros y por tener una mezcla de inmigrantes de América del Norte y del Sur. Por lo tanto, reflejan bien un megasesgo tafonómico sustancial en el registro de mamíferos del Pleistoceno centroamericano hacia mamíferos grandes con partes esqueléticas grandes y duraderas que se conservan y se descubren fácilmente. Este megasesgo dificulta aportar conclusiones sobre el registro de mamíferos del Pleistoceno de Guatemala. Los registros de mamuts de Guatemala son relativamente numerosos para un país centroamericano; sin embargo, aunque existen muchos registros de mamuts en Guatemala, todavía hay pocos registros que respalden la presencia de pastizales o rutas migratorias de los mamuts. No existe una asociación demostrable de humanos con megamamíferos extintos del Pleistoceno en Guatemala a pesar de las afirmaciones que indican lo contrario. La sugerencia de que Guatemala estaba al norte de una unión biogeográfica entre América del Norte y América del Sur durante el Pleistoceno tardío carece de apoyo. El registro de vertebrados fósiles guatemaltecos necesita crecer con un adecuado contexto estratigráfico, especialmente de vertebrados inferiores y micromamíferos, para proporcionar una mayor comprensión de la historia de los vertebrados en América Central durante los últimos 10 millones de años.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Central America]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Guatemala]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[fossil vertebrates]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[taphonomic megabias]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[proboscideans]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Great American Biotic Interchange (GABI)]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[America Central]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Guatemala]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[vertebrados fósiles]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[megasesgo tafonómico]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[proboscidios]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Gran Intercambio Biótico entre las Américas]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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