<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0034-7744</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista de Biología Tropical]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Rev. biol. trop]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0034-7744</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad de Costa Rica]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0034-77442022000100030</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15517/rev.biol.trop..v70i1.47392</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Bibliometrics of Sudanese scientific publications: Subjects, institutions, collaboration, citation and recommendations]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Bibliometría de publicaciones científicas sudanesas: temas, instituciones, colaboración, citas y recomendaciones]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ali Elhassan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Moawia Mohammed]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Monge-Nájera]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Julián]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ho]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Yuh-Shan]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,University of Gezira Department of Oncology National Cancer Institute]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Sudan</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Estatal a Distancia Vicerrectoría de Investigación Laboratorio de Ecología Urbana]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ San José]]></addr-line>
<country>Costa Rica</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Asia University Trend Research Centre ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Taiwan</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2022</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2022</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>70</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<fpage>30</fpage>
<lpage>39</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0034-77442022000100030&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0034-77442022000100030&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0034-77442022000100030&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract  Introduction:  Sudan is the third largest country in Africa and has rich reserves of petroleum and other ground resources, but its per capita Gross Domestic Product is only $808 and researchers work in insufficient institutional facilities and with little funding. Previous studies about its scientific productivity have been limited to specific subjects and relatively short periods, with no large analyses until now.  Objective:  To analyze the scientific output of Sudan in depth, considering all research areas and several decades of scientific activity.  Methods:  We retrieved the documents with &#8220;Sudan&#8221; in field country in the Science Citation Index Expanded for the period 1900-2019.  Results:  We retrieved over 9 000 publications and found that most were articles; that citation was higher for review articles and book chapters, and that this index mostly covered articles in English. Beginning in 1972, the number of publications in this database has increased rapidly. The citation lifespan indicates slow growth in the Sudanese scientific literature, and collaboration is frequent both nationally and internationally, possibly because the scarce resources make collaboration almost compulsory. Most external collaboration is done with Saudi Arabia but citation is higher for articles resulting from international megaprojects, led by Europe and the USA, in which Sudanese researchers play secondary roles. Research focusses on applied technological subjects with little innovation value. Women play a smaller role in Sudanese science.  Conclusions:  Our recommendations for Sudanese science include increasing the number of women in leading research positions; providing funding directly to researchers (i.e., bypassing bureaucratic bodies); increasing basic research to avoid stagnation; training Sudanese researchers for leading positions; and identifying specific research areas where Sudan can lead in its region.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen  Introducción:  Sudán es el tercer país más grande de África y tiene ricas reservas de petróleo y otros recursos terrestres, pero su Producto Interno Bruto per cápita es de solo $ 808 y los investigadores trabajan en instalaciones institucionales deficientes y con poca financiación. Los estudios previos sobre su productividad científica se han limitado a temas específicos y períodos relativamente cortos.  Objetivo:  Analizar la producción científica de Sudán en profundidad, considerando todas las áreas de investigación y varias décadas.  Métodos:  Recuperamos los documentos con &#8220;Sudán&#8221; como país de origen en el Science Citation Index Expanded para el período 1900-2019.  Resultados:  Hallamos más de 9 000 publicaciones y encontramos que la mayoría eran artículos; que fueron más citados los artículos de revisión y capítulos de libros, y que esta base de datos cubría principalmente artículos en inglés; desde 1972, el número de publicaciones en ella ha aumentado rápidamente. La vida útil de las citas indica un crecimiento lento en la literatura científica sudanesa, y la colaboración es frecuente tanto a nivel nacional como internacional, posiblemente porque los escasos recursos hacen que la colaboración sea casi obligatoria. La mayor parte de la colaboración externa se realiza con Arabia Saudita, pero hay más citas para los artículos resultantes de megaproyectos internacionales, dirigidos por Europa y Estados Unidos, en los cuales los investigadores sudaneses desempeñan papeles secundarios. La investigación se centra en temas de tecnología aplicada con poco valor de innovación.  Conclusiones:  Nuestras recomendaciones para la ciencia sudanesa incluyen aumentar el número de mujeres en altos puestos; proporcionar financiación directamente a los investigadores (sin pasar por organismos burocráticos); ir más allá de la investigación aplicada para evitar el estancamiento; capacitar al personal sudanés para puestos de liderazgo; e identificar áreas de investigación específicas donde Sudán puede liderar en su región.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[tropical science]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[scientific productivity]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[science in Sub-Saharan countries]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[role of science in research and development.]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[ciencia tropical]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[productividad científica]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[ciencia en los países subsaharianos]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[papel de la ciencia en la investigación y el desarrollo]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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