<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0034-7744</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista de Biología Tropical]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Rev. biol. trop]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0034-7744</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad de Costa Rica]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0034-77442021000401179</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15517/rbt.v69i4.47368</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Anti-leishmanial activity of 29 daily sessions of intralesional-pentavalent antimony administration on Leishmania (Viannia)-infected BALB/c mice]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Actividad antileishmania de 29 sesiones diarias de antimonio pentavalente intralesional en ratones BALB/c infectados con Leishmania (Viannia)]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vera]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Angélica-María]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mantilla]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Julio-César]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Escobar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Patricia]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Industrial de Santander Departamento de Ciencias Básicas Centro de Investigación en Enfermedades Tropicales (CINTROP-UIS)]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ Bucaramanga]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Industrial de Santander Departamento de Patología ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ Bucaramanga]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2021</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2021</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>69</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<fpage>1179</fpage>
<lpage>1188</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0034-77442021000401179&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0034-77442021000401179&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0034-77442021000401179&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract  Introduction:  Intralesional-pentavalent antimonials (IL-SbV) are recommended for simple cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL). Few treatment sessions (1-5) and drug volumes (1-5 ml each), relative to lesion size (LS), are recommended. There is not a validated IL-SbV protocol using doses calculated as mg/kg body weight and administered over a large number of IL-sessions, with small injection volumes.  Objective:  The study aim was to determine the efficacy of different concentrations of IL-SbV administered in 29 daily sessions of 100 &#956;L each, on CL infected mice.  Methods: Leishmania (Viannia) panamensis and L. (V.) braziliensis-infected mice (N = 6) were treated with 150, 50, and 16.6 mgSbV/kg/day x 29 days. Percentage of lesion area reduction, aesthetic and final (no lesions, no parasites) efficacy and effective dose (ED)50 were determined. In vitro-SbV activity against parasites was evaluated for both species.  Results:  The ED50 values were 72.2 and 66.3 (at the end of treatment), 54.3 and 37.7 (15-days pt.), and 145.3 and 148.6 (60-days pt.) for each species, respectively. Differences were observed between Leishmania species at 15-days pt., but not later. At 60-day pt., IL-SbV-150 mg showed final cure rates of 66.6 % for L. (V.) panamensis and 33.3 % for L. (V.) braziliensis-infected mice. After 15 days pt., lesion reactivation was observed in some &#8220;aesthetically cured&#8221; mice. Glucantime was not active in in vitro assays.  Conclusions:  The IL-SbV use with a dose calculated as mg/kg body weight and administered over a large number of IL-sessions, with small injection volumes each day could be effective against L. (V.) panamensis and L. (V.) braziliensis-CL infection. An appropriate SbV-dose (higher than 150 mg/kg/day x less than 29 days) must be evaluated.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen  Introducción:  Los antimoniales pentavalentes aplicados intralesionalmente (IL-SbV) se recomiendan para el tratamiento de la leishmaniasis cutánea (LC) simple. Se recomiendan pocas sesiones (1-5) y volúmenes (1-5 ml cada uno) en relación con el tamaño de la lesión (LS). No existe un protocolo de IL-SbV validado que utilice dosis calculadas según el peso corporal (en mg/kg) y administradas durante varias sesiones en pocos volúmenes de inyección.  Objetivo:  El objetivo del estudio fue determinar la eficacia de diferentes concentraciones de IL-SbV administradas en 29 sesiones diarias de 100 &#956;L cada una, en ratones con LC.  Métodos:  Ratones infectados con L. (V.) panamensis y L. (V.) braziliensis (N = 6) fueron tratados intralesionalmente con 150, 50 y 16,6 mg SbV/kg/día x 29 días. Se determinó el porcentaje de reducción del área de la lesión, la eficacia estética y final (sin lesiones, sin parásitos) y la dosis efectiva (DE)50. Adicionalmente de evaluó la actividad in vitro del SbV.  Resultados:  Los valores de DE50 fueron 72.2 y 66.3 (al final del tratamiento), 54.3 y 37.7 (15 días pt) y 145.3 y 148.6 (60 días pt) para cada especie. Se encontraron diferencias entre las especies sólo a los 15 días pt. La eficacia del tratamiento IL-SbV-150 mg, 60 días pt., fue de 66.6 y 33.3 % en ratones infectados con L. (V.) panamensis L. (V.) braziliensis respectivamente. Después de 15 días pt., se observó reactivación de la lesión en algunos ratones &#8220;estéticamente curados&#8221;. Glucantime no fue activo in vitro.  Conclusiones:  El uso intralesional de SbV con una dosis calculada en mg/kg de peso corporal y administrada durante varias sesiones, con pequeños volúmenes de inyección cada día, podría ser eficaz en LC por L. (V.) panamensis y L. (V.) braziliensis. Dosis adecuadas de SbV (superiores a 150 mg/kg/día x 20) deben evaluarse.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Glucantime]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[New World cutaneous leishmaniasis]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[intralesional drugs]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Leishmania panamensis]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Leishmania braziliensis]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Glucantime]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[leishmaniasis cutánea del Nuevo Mundo]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[medicamento intralesional]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Leishmania panamensis]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Leishmania braziliensis]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bailey]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mondragon-Shem]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hotez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ruiz-Postigo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Al-Salem]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Acosta-Serrano]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Á.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Molyneux]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D. H.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[A new perspective on cutaneous leishmaniasis-Implications for global prevalence and burden of disease estimates]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[PloS Neglected Tropical Diseases]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>11</volume>
<numero>8</numero>
<issue>8</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Burza]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Croft]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S. L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Boelaert]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Leishmaniasis]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[The Lancet]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>392</volume>
<numero>10151</numero>
<issue>10151</issue>
<page-range>951-70</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Castro]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cossio]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Velasco]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Osorio]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Risk factors for therapeutic failure to meglumine antimoniate and miltefosine in adults and children with cutaneous leishmaniasis in Colombia: A cohort study]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[PloS Neglected Tropical Diseases]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>11</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Janssens]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Piñón]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cuesta-Rubio]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[O.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yglesias-Rivera]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Díaz-García]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vilegas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Monzote]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Efficacy of four Solanum spp. extracts in an animal model of cutaneous leishmaniasis]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Medicines]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>5</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>49</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[de Oliveira Duque]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Quintão Silva]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Soares]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Magalhães]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R. S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Horta]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Paes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rosandiski Lyra]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pimentel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[de Fátima Antonio]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[de Camargo Ferreira]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vasconcellos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[É.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Saheki]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. N.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[de Almeida Marzochi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Valete-Rosalino]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[de Oliveira Schubach]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Comparison between systemic and intralesional meglumine antimoniate therapy in a primary health care unit]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Acta Tropica]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>193</volume>
<page-range>176-82</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fernández]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[O. L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Diaz-Toro]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ovalle]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Valderrama]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Muvdi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rodríguez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gomez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Saravia]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N. G.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Miltefosine and antimonial drug susceptibility of Leishmania Viannia species and populations in regions of high transmission in Colombia]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[PloS Neglected Tropical Diseases]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>8</volume>
<numero>5</numero>
<issue>5</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fournet]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ferreira]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rojas De Arias]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Torres De Ortiz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fuentes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nakayama]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Schinini]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hocquemiller]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[In vivo efficacy of oral and intralesional administration of 2-substituted quinolines in experimental treatment of new world cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania amazonensis]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy]]></source>
<year>1996</year>
<volume>40</volume>
<numero>11</numero>
<issue>11</issue>
<page-range>2447-51</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Goto]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lindoso]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Current diagnosis and treatment of cutaneous and mucocutaneous leishmaniasis]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Expert Review of Anti-Infective Therapy]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>8</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>419-33</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gupta]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Goyal]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rastogi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[In vitro cultivation and characterization of axenic amastigotes of Leishmania]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Trends in Parasitology]]></source>
<year>2001</year>
<volume>17</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>150-3</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Neira]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L. F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mantilla]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Escobar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Anti-leishmanial activity of a topical miltefosine gel in experimental models of New World cutaneous leishmaniasis]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>74</volume>
<numero>6</numero>
<issue>6</issue>
<page-range>1634-41</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Neira]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L. F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Peña]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D. P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vera]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mantilla]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Escobar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Leishmaniasis cutánea inducida por especies de Leishmania Viannia en ratones BALB/c y eficacia de un tratamiento tópico]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista Universidad Industrial de Santander]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>51</volume>
<page-range>33-42</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Oliveira-Neto]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Schubach]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mattos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[da Costa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S. C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pirmez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Intralesional therapy of American cutaneous leishmaniasis with pentavalent antimony in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil- an area of Leishmania (V.) braziliensis transmission]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[International Journal of Dermatology]]></source>
<year>1997</year>
<volume>36</volume>
<numero>6</numero>
<issue>6</issue>
<page-range>463-8</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>Pan American Health Organization (PAHO)</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Leishmaniasis in the Americas: Treatment recommendations]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pérez-Franco]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cruz-Barrera]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Robayo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[López]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Daza]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C. D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bedoya]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mariño]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Saavedra]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C. H.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Echeverry]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Clinical and parasitological features of patients with American cutaneous leishmaniasis that did not respond to treatment with meglumine antimoniate]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[PloS Neglected Tropical Diseases]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>10</volume>
<numero>5</numero>
<issue>5</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sereno]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cavaleyra]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zemzoumi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Maquaire]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ouaissi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lemesre]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. L.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Axenically grown amastigotes of Leishmania infantum used as an in vitro model to investigate the pentavalent antimony mode of action]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy]]></source>
<year>1998</year>
<volume>42</volume>
<numero>12</numero>
<issue>12</issue>
<page-range>3097-102</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Soto]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Paz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rivero]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Soto]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Quispe]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Toledo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Berman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Intralesional pentamidine: a novel therapy for single lesions of Bolivian cutaneous leishmaniasis]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>94</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>852-6</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sundar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[More]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D. K.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Singh]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. K.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Singh]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V. P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sharma]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Makharia]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kumar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P. C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Murray]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H. W.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Failure of pentavalent antimony in visceral leishmaniasis in India: report from the center of the Indian epidemic]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Clinical Infectious Diseases]]></source>
<year>2000</year>
<volume>31</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>1104-7</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Travi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B. L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Martinez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zea]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Antimonial treatment of hamsters infected with Leishmania (Viannia) panamensis: assessment of parasitological cure with different therapeutic schedules]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene]]></source>
<year>1993</year>
<volume>87</volume>
<numero>5</numero>
<issue>5</issue>
<page-range>567-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vanaerschot]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dumetz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Roy]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ponte-Sucre]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Arevalo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dujardin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Treatment failure in leishmaniasis: drug-resistance or another (epi-) phenotype?]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Expert Review of Anti-Infective Therapy]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>12</volume>
<numero>8</numero>
<issue>8</issue>
<page-range>937-46</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yépez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cazorla]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Añez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yarbuh]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A. L.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Effect of intralesional treatment with lidocaine and glucantime in hamsters infected with Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Boletín de la Dirección de Malariol Saneamiento Ambiental]]></source>
<year>1999</year>
<volume>39</volume>
<page-range>10-20</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
