<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0034-7744</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista de Biología Tropical]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Rev. biol. trop]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0034-7744</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad de Costa Rica]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0034-77442020000100321</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15517/rbt.v68i1.39134</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Variación espacio-temporal de la respuesta espectral en manglares de La Habana, Cuba, evaluada con sensores remotos]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Spatio-temporal variations of the spectral response in mangroves of Havana, Cuba, by remote sensing]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Denis Ávila]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Dennis]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Curbelo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Emerio A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Madrigal-Roca]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Luis J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pérez-Lanyau]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ramón D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de La Habana  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Cuba</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>03</month>
<year>2020</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>03</month>
<year>2020</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>68</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<fpage>321</fpage>
<lpage>335</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0034-77442020000100321&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0034-77442020000100321&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0034-77442020000100321&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen  Introducción: Los manglares son una de las formaciones vegetales de mayor relevancia global por los servicios ecosistémicos y roles ecológicos que desempeñan, y representan el 5 % de la superficie emergida de Cuba. No existen estudios previos que describan las variaciones en los índices espectrales de vegetación por sensores remotos en los manglares cubanos, pero con este tipo de variable se pueden constituir indicadores del estado de estos ecosistemas y emplearse en evaluaciones a nivel nacional.  Objetivo:  En el presente trabajo se evalúa la variabilidad espacial y temporal de dos índices espectrales de vegetación en cuatro manglares periurbanos de la ciudad de La Habana y se comparan con un sitio natural como control.  Métodos:  El estudio se desarrolló en las localidades de Bajo de Santa Ana, Cojímar, Rincón de Guanabo y la laguna El Cobre - Itabo y el control fue tomado en la ciénaga de Zapata. A través de la plataforma Climate Engine se extrajeron, de 2 460 imágenes satelitales LandSat, los valores promedio de los índices espectrales NDVI y EVI en 5 parcelas por cada localidad de estudio, entre 1984 y 2019. Las variables se compararon estadísticamente entre localidades y se describió su tendencia a lo largo del periodo de estudio.  Resultados:  Se detectaron diferencias geográficas en los índices, que pueden correlacionarse con las propiedades estructurales y grado de conservación de cada localidad. La tendencia global de los índices fue a un aumento, pero difirió entre localidades. Los menores cambios se produjeron en el sitio control y, entre los humedales periurbanos, en el Rincón de Guanabo y en Cojímar. El ordenamiento de las localidades a partir de variables espectrales fue consistente con el de grado de conservación general.  Conclusiones:  La respuesta espectral permitió caracterizar cada manglar de manera individualizada, mostrando relación aparente con las características ecológicas y de conservación de cada lugar. Es necesario continuar promoviendo estudios con sensores remotos de estas formaciones boscosas y generar indicadores sólidos que sustenten su uso en futuras investigaciones y monitoreos en manglares del Caribe.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract  Introduction: Mangroves are one of the most important forest types because of their ecosystem services and ecological roles. They represent 5 % of the emerged land of Cuba. No previous studies are describing spectral vegetation indexes variations by remote sensing in Cuban mangroves, but these variables can be used as indicators of the conservation status of the ecosystem and sustain national wide assessments.  Objective:  In the current paper we describe spatial and temporal variations in two spectral vegetation indexes in four near-city mangroves at Havana, Cuba and compare them to a natural control site.  Methods:  Study was conducted in localities named: Bajo de Santa Ana, Cojímar, Rincón de Guanabo, and El Cobre - Itabo lagoon and as control site was selected northern Zapata swamp. By using Climate Engineplatform we extract, from 2 460 Landsat satellite images, mean values of spectral indexes NDVI and EVI in 5 parcels per locality, from 1984 to 2019. Variables were statistically compared among localities and the global trend was described.  Results:  We detect geographic differences in both indexes, which can be related to structural properties and conservation degree of mangroves in each locality. Global trend of indexes was to increase, but differently among localities. Slighter changes appear in the control site and, among near city mangroves, in Rincón de Guanabo and Cojímar. The ordering of localities from spectral variables was consistent with the ranking in general conservation degree.  Conclusions:  Spectral responses describe uniquely each mangrove forest, in concordance to each ecological and conservation characteristics. There is a need for promoting studies using remote sensors at these forest types and to generate strong and reliable indicators that can sustain future researches and monitoring schemes in Caribbean mangroves.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[coastal wetlands]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[NDVI]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[EVI]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[ecological indicators]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[historical trends]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[humedales costeros]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[NDVI]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[EVI]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[indicadores ecológicos]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[tendencias históricas]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Al Habshi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Youssef]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Aizpuru]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Blasco]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[New mangrove ecosystem data along the UAE coast using remote sensing]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Aquatic Ecosystem Health and Management]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
<volume>10</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>309-19</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alongi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Present state and future of the world&#8217;s mangrove forests]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Environmental Conservation]]></source>
<year>2002</year>
<volume>29</volume>
<page-range>331-49</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Asner]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Fuentes biofísicas y bioquímicas de variabilidad en la reflectancia del dosel]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Teledetección del Medio Ambiente]]></source>
<year>1998</year>
<volume>64</volume>
<page-range>234-53</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Boon]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zubir]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jafri]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hwee]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Reflectance Characteristic of Certain Mangrove Species at Matang Mangrove Forest Reserve, Malaysia.]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Penang, Malaysia ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Presentado en Proceeding of the 2011 IEEE International Conference on Space Science and Communication (IconSpace)]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cissell]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Steinberg]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.R.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Mapping forty years of mangrove cover trends and their implications for flats fisheries in Ciénaga de Zapata, Cuba]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Environmental Biology of Fishes]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Springer Nature]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>Climate Engine</collab>
<source><![CDATA[]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Huntington]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hegewisch]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K.C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Daudert]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Morton]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C. G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Abatzoglou]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. T.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mcevoy]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D. J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Erickson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Climate Engine. Cloud Computing and Visualization of Climate and Remote Sensing Data for Advanced Natural Resource Monitoring and Process Understanding]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[American Meteorological Society, BAMS]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<page-range>2397-409</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ellison]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Farnsworth]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Anthropogenic disturbance of Caribbean mangrove ecosystems: past impacts, present needs, and future predictions]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Biotropica]]></source>
<year>1996</year>
<volume>28</volume>
<page-range>549-65</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Everitt]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.H.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Summy]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K.R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Judd]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.W.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Davis]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.R.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Evaluation of color-infrared photography and digital imagery to map black mangrove on the Texas Gulf Coast]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Coastal Research]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
<volume>23</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>230-5</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Galford]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fernandez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Roman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Monasterolo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ahamed]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fiske]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kaufman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Cuban land use and conservation, from rainforests to coral reefs]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Bulletim of Marine Science]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>94</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gilman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ellison]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Duke]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N.C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Field]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Threats to mangroves from climate change and adaptation options: a review]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Aquatic Botany]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<volume>89</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>237-50</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Giri]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ochieng]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tieszen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zhu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Z.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Singh]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Loveland]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Masek]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Duke]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Status and distribution of mangrove forests of the world using earth observation satellite data]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Global Ecology and Biogeography]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>20</volume>
<page-range>154-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Green]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Clark]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mumby]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Edwards]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A. J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ellis]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A. C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Remote sensing techniques for mangrove mapping]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[International Journal of Remote Sensing]]></source>
<year>1998</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Green]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mumby]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Edwards]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A. J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Clark]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ellis]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A. C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Aquatic Botany]]></source>
<year>1997</year>
<volume>58</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>11-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Guzmán]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Menéndez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Protocolo para el monitoreo del ecosistema de manglar]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[La Habana, Cuba ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[CNAP]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hardisky]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gross]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Klemas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Remote sensing of coastal wetlands]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Bioscience]]></source>
<year>1986</year>
<volume>36</volume>
<page-range>453-60</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Heumann]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B.W.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Satellite remote sensing of mangrove forests: recent advances and future opportunities]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Progress in Physical Geography]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>35</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>87-108</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Huete]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[A soil-adjusted vegetation index (SAVI)]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Remote Sensing of Environment]]></source>
<year>1988</year>
<volume>25</volume>
<page-range>295-309</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Huete]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Didan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Miura]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rodriguez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gao]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[X.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ferreira]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.G.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Overview of the Radiometric and Biophysical Performance of the MODIS Vegetation Indices]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Remote Sensing of Environment]]></source>
<year>2002</year>
<volume>83</volume>
<page-range>195-213</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jensen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[X.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ramsey III]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Davis]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B.A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Thoemke]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.W.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The measurement of mangrove characteristics in southwest Florida using SPOT multispectral data]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Geocarto International]]></source>
<year>1991</year>
<volume>6</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>13-21</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B21">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kamaruzaman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kasawani]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Imaging spectrometry on mangrove species identification and mapping in Malaysia]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Wseas Transactions on Biology and Biomedicine]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
<volume>8</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>118-26</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B22">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kovacs]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Blanco-Correa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Mapping disturbance in a mangrove forest using multi-date Landsat imagery]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Environmental Management]]></source>
<year>2001</year>
<volume>27</volume>
<numero>5</numero>
<issue>5</issue>
<page-range>763-76</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B23">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Krauss]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K.W.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lovelock]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[McKee]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K.L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[López-Hoffman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ewe]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sousa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W.P.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Environmental drivers in mangrove establishment and early development: A review]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Aquatic Botany]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<volume>89</volume>
<page-range>105-27</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B24">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kuenzer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bluemel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gebhardt]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vo Quoc]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dech]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Remote Sensing of Mangrove Ecosystems: A Review]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Remote Sensing]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>3</volume>
<page-range>878-928</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B25">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Menéndez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Guzmán]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[El ecosistema de manglar en el archipiélago cubano: estudios y experiencias enfocadas a su gestión]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[La Habana. Cuba ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Editorial Academia]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B26">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Menéndez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Guzmán]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Capote]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.T.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Los manglares del archipiélago cubano: aspectos de su funcionamiento]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Neiff]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Humedales de Iberoamérica]]></source>
<year>2002</year>
<page-range>237-51</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Argentina ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[CYTED, Programa Iberoamericano de Ciencia y Tecnología para el Desarrollo]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B27">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nagelkerken]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Blaber]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.J.M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bouillon]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Green]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Haywood]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kirton]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.G.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The habitat function of mangroves for terrestrial and marine fauna: A review]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Aquatic Botany]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<volume>89</volume>
<page-range>155-85</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B28">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nayak]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Anjali]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Shah]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.G.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Community zonation of selected mangrove habitat of India using satellite data]]></source>
<year>2003</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B29">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pastor-Guzmán]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dasha]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Atkinson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Remote sensing of mangrove forest phenology and its environmental drivers]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Remote Sensing of Environment]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>205</volume>
<page-range>71-84</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B30">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Roman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The ecology and conservation of Cuba&#8217;s coastal and marine ecosystems]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Bulletin of Marine Science]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>94</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>149-69</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B31">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Satyanarayana]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mohamad]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K.A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Idris]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I.F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Husain]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dahdouh-Guebas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Assessment of mangrove vegetation based on remote sensing and ground-truth measurements at Tumpat, Kelantan Delta, East Coast of Peninsular Malaysia]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[International Journal of Remote Sensing]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>32</volume>
<numero>6</numero>
<issue>6</issue>
<page-range>1635-50</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B32">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pinheiro]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.A.B.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[de Carvalho]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[da Rocha]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chaves]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.E.D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[de Azevedo Silva]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alacoque]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Trindade]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Modelagem espectro-temporal do NDVI obtido de imagens Landsat 7 e 8 aplicado na cafeicultura]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Santos, Brasil ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Presentado en Anais do XIX Simpòsio Brasileiro de Sensoriamento Remoto. INPE]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B33">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Shah]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Anjali]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Mangrove spectral signatures: The need for hyper spectral]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[NRDMS-DST Advanced Working Group Meet on Hyperspectral Signature Database Management System- A Development Perspective]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B34">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>StatSoft, Inc.</collab>
<source><![CDATA[STATISTICA (data analysis software system)]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B35">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Suárez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Estado de salud de los ecosistemas de manglar de La Habana, Cuba]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Cuba ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad de La Habana]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B36">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Thangaradjou]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sivakumar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Anantharaman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kannan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Hyperspectral signatures for coastal and marine resources]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
<page-range>56-9</page-range><publisher-name><![CDATA[Extended abstract volume of NRDMS-DST advanced working group meet on hyperspectral signature database management system- A development perspective]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B37">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Thomas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bunting]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hardy]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lucas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rosenqvist]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fatoyinbo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Mapping mangrove baseline and time-series change extent: A global monitoring approach]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Remote Sensing]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>10</volume>
<page-range>1466-86</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B38">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tong]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.H.S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Auda]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Populus]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Aizpuru]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Al-Habshi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Blasco]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Assessment from space of mangrove evolution in the Mekong Delta, in relation to extensive shrimp farming]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[International Journal of Remote Sensing]]></source>
<year>2004</year>
<volume>25</volume>
<page-range>4795-812</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B39">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Underwood]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Beyond BACI: the detection of environmental impacts on populations in the real, but variable, world]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology]]></source>
<year>1992</year>
<volume>161</volume>
<page-range>145-78</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B40">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vaiphasa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Skidmore]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.K.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Boer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[de W.F]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[A post-classifier for mangrove mapping using ecological data]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry andRemote Sensing]]></source>
<year>2005</year>
<volume>61</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>1-10</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B41">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Valiela]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bowen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[York]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.K.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Mangrove forests: one of the world&#8217;s threatened major tropical environments]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[BioScience]]></source>
<year>2001</year>
<volume>51</volume>
<numero>10</numero>
<issue>10</issue>
<page-range>807-15</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B42">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ventura]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fuente]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vicente]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Isse]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rodríguez-Ochoa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Evaluación cuantitativa de las afectaciones en la estructura de la vegetación en dos manglares de La Habana, Cuba]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Cuba ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Facultad de Biología, Universidad de La Habana]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B43">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sousa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W.P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gong]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Biging]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Comparison of IKONOS and QuickBird images for mapping mangrove species on the Caribbean coast of Panama]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Remote Sensing of Environment]]></source>
<year>2004</year>
<volume>91</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>432-40</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B44">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Xue]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hai-Shan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zhi Hua]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Remote Sensingof Mangrove Wetlands Identification]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Procedia Environmental Sciences]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>10</volume>
<page-range>2287-93</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
