<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0001-6002</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Acta Médica Costarricense]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Acta méd. costarric]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0001-6002</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Colegio de Médicos y Cirujanos de Costa Rica]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0001-60022021000200131</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Radioterapia en la población oncológica pediátrica de Costa Rica: experiencia de 2 años]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Radiotherapy in the pediatric oncology population of Costa Rica: a 2-year experience]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Radiotherapy in the pediatric oncologic population of Costa Rica: 2-year experience]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Acuña-Navas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[María José]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rodríguez-Rodríguez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Carlos]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Hospital Nacional de Niños &#8220;Dr. Carlos Sáenz Herrera Hospital Nacional de Niños &#8220;Dr. Carlos Sáenz Herrera Servicio de Oncología]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[San José ]]></addr-line>
<country>Costa Rica</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2021</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2021</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>63</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<fpage>131</fpage>
<lpage>137</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0001-60022021000200131&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0001-60022021000200131&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0001-60022021000200131&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen  Objetivo: Determinar las características epidemiológicas, clínicas y terapéuticas de los pacientes con enfermedad oncológica atendidos en el Hospital Nacional de Niños &#8220;Dr. Carlos Sáenz Herrera&#8221;, que recibieron radioterapia externa, durante el periodo de enero de 2015 a diciembre de 2016.  Métodos:  Estudio observacional, descriptivo, de una serie de casos de pacientes pediátricos con diagnóstico oncológico, que recibieron radioterapia y fueron atendidos durante un periodo de 2 años. Se revisaron los expedientes clínicos para la obtención de los datos de manera retrospectiva, de acuerdo con las variables de interés. Se registraron datos demográficos, el tipo de tumor, el sitio anatómico irradiado, la necesidad de anestesia y el tiempo de espera. Se aplicó un análisis descriptivo de las variables cualitativas y cuantitativas.  Resultados:  Se analizaron un total de 117 pacientes quienes recibieron radioterapia, de los cuales un 59.0% fueron hombres. La edad promedio fue de 7,7 años. Las leucemias y el grupo de los tumores cerebrales fueron los tipos de tumores más frecuentemente irradiados; siendo el sistema nervioso central el sitio anatómico más tratado, en 56 pacientes (40.6%). La radioterapia curativa fue más frecuente que la paliativa. En 34 pacientes (29.1%) se requirió de anestesia. Todos los pacientes tuvieron que esperar para el inicio de su tratamiento y en una minoría se registró el motivo en relación con una condición no clínica del paciente.  Conclusiones:  En oncología pediátrica, la radioterapia es una modalidad de tratamiento utilizada mayoritariamente con carácter curativo en pacientes de diferentes edades y ambos sexos, principalmente con diagnóstico de tumores cerebrales y leucemia; algunos pacientes de corta edad pueden requerir anestesia durante el tratamiento. En una minoría de pacientes, se atribuyó a factores no clínicos el tiempo de espera para el inicio de su tratamiento.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract  Aim:  To determine the epidemiological, clinical and therapeutic characteristics of patients with oncological disease treated at the Hospital Nacional de Niños &#8220;Dr. Carlos Sáenz Herrera&#8221;, who received external radiotherapy, during the period from January 2015 to December 2016.  Methods:  It is an observational, descriptive study of a series of cases of pediatric patients with an oncologic diagnosis, who received radiotherapy and were treated for a period of 2 years. Clinical records were reviewed to obtain the data retrospectively, according to the variables of interest. Demographic data, tumor type, anatomical site irradiated, need for anesthesia, and waiting time were recorded. A descriptive analysis of the qualitative and quantitative variables was applied.  Results:  A total of 117 patients who received radiotherapy were analyzed, of which 59.0% were men. The average age was 7.7 years. Leukemias and the group of brain tumors were the most frequently irradiated tumor types; being the central nervous system the most treated anatomical site, in 56 patients (40.6%). Curative radiotherapy was more frequent than palliative. In 34 patients (29.1%) anesthesia was required. All patients had to wait for the start of their treatment and in a minority the reason was recorded in relation to a non-clinical condition of the patient.  Conclusión:  In pediatric oncology, radiotherapy is a treatment modality used predomi- nantly for curative purposes in patients of different ages and both sexes, most commonly with brain tumors and leukemia; some young patients may require anesthesia during treatment. In a minority of patients, the waiting time for the start of their treatment was attributed to non-clinical factors.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Radioterapia]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[pediatría]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[oncología]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[tratamiento]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Radiotherapy]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[pediatric]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[oncology]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[treatment.]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<label>1.</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Thorp]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Basic Principles of Paediatric Radiotherapy]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Clin Oncol.]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>25</volume>
<page-range>3-10</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<label>2</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ahern]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Utility of an Australasian registry for children undergoing radiation treatment.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Med Imaging and Radiat Oncol]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>58</volume>
<page-range>693-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<label>3</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Choong]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[ES]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Turner]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RN]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Flatley]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MJ.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Radiotherapy: basic principles and technical advances]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Orthop Trauma]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>28</volume>
<page-range>167-1</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<label>4</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Murray]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[LJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Robinson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MH.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Radiotherapy: technical aspects]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Medicine]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>44</volume>
<page-range>10-4</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<label>5</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Smith]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Prewett]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Principles of chemotherapy and radiotherapy]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Obstet Gynaecol Reprod Med.]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>27</volume>
<page-range>206-12</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<label>6</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Stackhouse]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The use of general anaesthesia in paediatric radiotherapy]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Radiography]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>19</volume>
<page-range>302-5</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<label>7</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cerdas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rodríguez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Características clínico- epidemiológicas de los pacientes menores de 18 años tratados con acelerador lineal]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Acta pediátr costarric]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>23</volume>
<page-range>29-35</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<label>8</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bütof]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Baumann]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Time in radiation oncology- keep it short!]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Radiother Oncol.]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>106</volume>
<page-range>271-5</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<label>9</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ward]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[DeSantis]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Robbins]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kohler]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jemal]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Childhood and adolescent cancer statistics, 2014.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[CA Cancer J Clin.]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>64</volume>
<page-range>83-103</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<label>10</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Selo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bölling]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ernst]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pape]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Martini]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rübe]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Acute toxicity profile of radiotherapy in 690 children and adolescents: RiSK data]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Radiother Oncol]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>97</volume>
<page-range>119-26</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<label>11</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bartlett]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kortmann]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Saran]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Medulloblastoma]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Clin Oncol]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>25</volume>
<page-range>36-45</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<label>12</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Laprie]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alapetite]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Carrie]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Habrand]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JL]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bolle]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[al.]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[et]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Paediatric brain tumours: A review of radiotherapy, state of the art and challenges for the future regarding protontherapy and carbontherapy.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Cancer Radiother.]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>19</volume>
<page-range>775-89</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<label>13.</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vaidya]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Smee]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Williams]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JR.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Prognostic factors and treatment options for paediatric ependymomas]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Clinical Neuroscience]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>19</volume>
<page-range>1228-35</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<label>14.</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rao]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AD]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Q]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ermoian]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RP]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alcorn]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SR]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Figueiredo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MLS]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MJ]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Practice patterns of palliative radiation therapy in pediatric oncology patients in an international pediatric research consortium]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Pediatr Blood Cancer]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>64</volume>
<numero>11</numero>
<issue>11</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<label>15</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Stachelek]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[GC]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Terezakis]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ermoian]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Palliative radiation oncology in pediatric patients]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Ann Palliat Med.]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>8</volume>
<page-range>285-92</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<label>16</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[McMullen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[KP]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hanson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bratton]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Johnstone]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[PAS.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Parameters of anesthesia/sedation in children receiving radiotherapy]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Radiat Oncol]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>10</volume>
<page-range>10-3</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<label>17</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Liang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Xiang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[YQ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lv]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[X]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Xie]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CQ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cao]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Survival impact of waiting time for radical radiotherapy in nasopharyngeal carcinoma: A large institution-based cohort study from an endemic area]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Eur J Cancer]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>73</volume>
<page-range>48-60</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<label>18.</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Riff]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MC]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cares]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JP]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Neveu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[RASON: A new approach to the scheduling radiotherapy problem that considers the current waiting times]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Expert Syst Applications.]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>64</volume>
<page-range>287-95</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<label>19.</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Oberreuter]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Oliva]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Contreras]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cardemil]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Análisis de tiempos de espera en pacientes con cáncer de cabeza y cuello en el Hospital San Juan de Dios]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Rev. Otorrinolaringol. Cir. Cabeza Cuello]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>77</volume>
<page-range>144-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
