<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0001-6002</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Acta Médica Costarricense]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Acta méd. costarric]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0001-6002</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Colegio de Médicos y Cirujanos de Costa Rica]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0001-60022021000100005</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Afectación familiar de la enfermedad de Hansen en Costa Rica]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Impact of Hansen&#8217;s disease on relatives of patients in Costa Rica]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rivera-Chavarría]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ana]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sánchez-Hernández]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Germana]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Espinoza-Aguirre]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Azálea]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Instituto Costarricense de Investigación y Enseñanza en Nutrición y Salud Unidad Salud y Nutrición ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Costa Rica</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Antropología social  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Costa Rica</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Ministerio de Salud de Costa Rica Dirección de Vigilancia de la Salud ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Costa Rica</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>03</month>
<year>2021</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>03</month>
<year>2021</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>63</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<fpage>5</fpage>
<lpage>13</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0001-60022021000100005&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0001-60022021000100005&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0001-60022021000100005&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen  Objetivo:  El contagio familiar de la enfermedad de Hansen es un hecho bien establecido; aunque la transmisibilidad es baja, los contactos intradomiciliarios de personas enfermas sin tratamiento son un grupo con alto riesgo. El objetivo del estudio fue identificar las características sociodemográficas, culturales y clínicas comunes en grupos familiares, con antecedente de enfermedad de Hansen, como insumo para mejorar el tratamiento de la lepra.  Metodología: Se realizó un estudio cualitativo, empleando la técnica de entrevista en profundidad semiestructurada, basándose en una guía de entrevista elaborada, y tomando como referencia factores sociodemográficos, sociales y culturales relacionados con el diagnóstico y tratamiento. Se seleccionaron 25 personas adultas entre 23 y 88 años de edad, de ambos sexos atendidos por el sistema de salud público costarricense. Se utilizaron genogramas para identificar miembros de la familia con antecedentes de la enfermedad.  Resultados:  El estudio mostró que 12 participantes provenían de 3 grupos familiares; dos grupos con tres generaciones afectadas. Los participantes fueron diagnosticados en edades económicamente activas de vida. Además, realizan ocupaciones manuales, con niveles educativos bajos y de religión cristiana. Al momento de la entrevista conocían el antecedente familiar. La forma de presentación clínica en los tres grupos familiares fue Lepra lepromatosa. Se identificó un caso de lepra conyugal y una participante de 15 años de edad al diagnóstico.  Conclusiones:  El estudio identificó características sociodemográficas, culturales y clínicas comunes de grupos familiares, que evidenciaron la necesidad de fortalecer la vigilancia de contactos en familias con nuevos casos.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract  Aim:  Leprosy transmission within family groups is a well-established fact. Although transmissibility is low, household contacts are high-risk population. The aim of the study was to identify common sociodemographic, cultural and clinical characteristics in family groups with history of Hansen&#8217;s disease as an input to improve treatment.  Methodology:  A qualitative study was carried out, using in-depth semi-structured interview technique based on leprosy diagnosis and treatment in sociodemographic, social and cultural context. A total of 25 adults between 23 and 88 years of age included both sexes attended by Costa Rican public health care system were selected. Genograms were used to identify family history of disease.  Results: The study shows that 12 participants came from 3 family groups; two of them with third affected generation. The participants were diagnosed in economically active periods of life, work in manual occupations, with low level of education and Christians. At the time of the interview, participants knew the family history. The clinical presentation form was lepromatouse leprosy. A conjugal leprosy and a 15-year-old participant at diagnosis were identified.  Conclusions:  The study identified common sociodemographic, cultural and clinical characteristics of family groups that demonstrate the need to strengthen contact surveillance efforts in families with new cases.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Lepra]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[prevención]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[relaciones familiares]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Costa Rica.]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Leprosy]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[prevention]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[family relations]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Costa Rica.]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<label>1</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nair]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SP.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Leprosy in Families: Clinicoepidemiological profile from a tertiary care centre]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Indian Dermatol Online J.]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>8</volume>
<page-range>328-30</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<label>2.</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Araújo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lobato]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[ÉdM]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Reis]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Souza]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DOB]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gonçalves]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Costa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AV]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Unveiling healthy carriers and subclinical infections among household contacts of leprosy patients who play potential roles in the disease chain of transmission.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>107</volume>
<page-range>55-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<label>3</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jessamine]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[PG]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Desjardins]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gillis]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Scollard]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jamieson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Broukhanski]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Leprosy-like illness in a patient with Mycobacterium lepromatosis from Ontario, Canada.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Drugs Dermatol]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>11</volume>
<page-range>229-33</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<label>4</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Romero-Montoya]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Beltran-Alzate]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JC]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cardona-Castro]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Evaluation and monitoring of Mycobacterium leprae transmission in household contacts of patients with Hansen&#8217;s disease in Colombia]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[PLoS Negl Trop Dis.]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>11</volume>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<label>5</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Douglas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JT]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cellona]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RV]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fajardo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[TT]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Abalos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Balagon]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MVF]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Klatser]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[PR]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Prospective study of serological conversion as a risk factor for development of leprosy among household contacts]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Clin Diagn Lab Immunol]]></source>
<year>2004</year>
<volume>11</volume>
<page-range>897-900</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<label>6</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Moet]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[FJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pahan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Schuring]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RP]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Oskam]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Richardus]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JH.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Physical distance, genetic relationship, age, and leprosy classification are independent risk factors for leprosy in contacts of patients with leprosy.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Infect Dis.]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<volume>193</volume>
<page-range>346-53</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<label>7</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Concha R]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cossio T]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[ML]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Salazar S]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fich S]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pérez C]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[González]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[BS.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Enfermedad de Hansen: revisión a propósito de un caso]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Rev Chilena Infectol]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<volume>25</volume>
<page-range>64-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<label>8</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Moura]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RS]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Penna]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[GO]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cardoso]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[LPV]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[de Andrade Pontes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cruz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[de Sá Gonçalves]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Description of leprosy classification at baseline among patients enrolled at the uniform multidrug therapy clinical trial for leprosy patients in Brazil.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Am J Trop Med Hyg]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>92</volume>
<page-range>1280-4</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<label>9</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pedrosa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[VL]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dias]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[LC]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Galban]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Leturiondo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Palheta]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Santos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Leprosy among schoolchildren in the Amazon region: A cross-sectional study of active search and posible source of infection by contact tracing]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[PLOS Negl Trop Dis]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>12</volume>
<page-range>e0006261-e</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<label>10</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Meléndez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fuentes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rodríguez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Lepra Conyugal]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Rev. Salud Pública.]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<volume>8</volume>
<page-range>24-32</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<label>11</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Joyce]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MP.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Historic aspects of human susceptibility to leprosy and the risk of conjugal transmission.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz.]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>107</volume>
<page-range>17-21</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<label>12</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cambri]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mira]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MT.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Genetic Susceptibility to leprosy-from classic immune-related candidate genes to hypothesis-free, whole genome approaches]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Front Immunol]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>9</volume>
<page-range>1674</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<label>13</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rivera]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Espinoza]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Comportamiento epidemiológico de la lepra en Costa Rica, de 2012 al 2017.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Rev clín esc med UCR-HSJD]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>8</volume>
<page-range>28-36</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<label>14</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Espinoza Aguirre]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Prevalencia de lepra en Costa Rica, de 1998- 2003.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Rev costarric salud pública]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
<volume>16</volume>
<page-range>36-41</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<label>15</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Flores Sandí]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rivera Chavarría]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AL]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Solano Calderón]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[TEMA-2017: Enfermedad de Hansen: A propósito de un Caso Médico-Legal.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Rev clín esc med UCR-HSJD]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>7</volume>
<page-range>1-6</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<label>16</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[De la Revilla]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fleitas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Usos, construcción e interpretación del genograma]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[FMC]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
<volume>14</volume>
<page-range>19-36</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<label>17</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Giesecke]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Primary and index cases]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Lancet]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>384</volume>
<page-range>2024</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<label>18</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rodrigues]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[FF]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Calou]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CGP]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Leandro]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[TA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Antezana]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[FJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pinheiro]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AKB]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Silva]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[VMd]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Conhecimento e prática dos enfermeiros sobre hanseníase: ações de controle e eliminação]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Rev Bras Enferm]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>68</volume>
<page-range>297-304</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<label>19</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Freitas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cortela]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ferreira]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SMB.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Trend of leprosy in individuals under the age of 15 in Mato Grosso (Brazil), 2001-2013.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Rev Saude Publica]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>51</volume>
<page-range>28</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<label>20</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pires]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CAA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Malcher]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CMSR]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Abreu Júnior]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JMC]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Albuquerque]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[TGd]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Corrêa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[IRS]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Daxbacher]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[ELR.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Hanseníase em menores de 15 anos: a importância do exame de contato.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Rev Paul Pediatr]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>30</volume>
<page-range>292-295.</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B21">
<label>21</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pescarini]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Strina]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nery]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JS]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Skalinski]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[LM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Andrade]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[KVFd]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Penna]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MLF]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Socioeconomic risk markers of leprosy in highburden countries: A systematic review and meta-analysis]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[PLOS Negl Trop Dis]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>12</volume>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B22">
<label>22</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alvarenga Niitsuma]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[EN]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fernandes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[GDR]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lana]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[FCF.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The TLR1 gene is associated with higher protection from leprosy in women]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[PLoS One]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>13</volume>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B23">
<label>23</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Peters RMH]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Dadun]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lusli M]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Miranda-Galarza B]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[van Brakel WH]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Zweekhorst MBM]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The meaning of leprosy and everyday experiences: an exploration in Cirebon, Indonesia.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Trop Med]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B24">
<label>24</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hasnain]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Queijo]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Laher]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Sandahl]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Islam, leprosy, and disability: how religion, history, art, and storytelling can yield new insights and acceptance]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Societies]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>10</volume>
<page-range>6</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B25">
<label>25</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Senior]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Unfamiliar infections, diagnostic dilemmas.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Lancet Infect Dis]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>14</volume>
<page-range>798-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B26">
<label>26</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fürst]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cavaliero]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lay]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dayer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Smrekar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Retrospective active case finding in Cambodia: An innovative approach to leprosy control in a low-endemic country]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Acta Trop]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>180</volume>
<page-range>26-32</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B27">
<label>27</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Manta]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[FSN]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Barbieri]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RR]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Moreira]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SJM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Santos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[PTS]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nery]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JAC]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Duppre]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[NC]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Quantitative PCR for leprosy diagnosis and monitoring in household contacts: A follow-up study, 2011-2018]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Sci Rep]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>9</volume>
<page-range>16675</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B28">
<label>28</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[San-Martín]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Á]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Carrasco]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fica]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Navarrete]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Velásquez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JC]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Herrera]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Enfermedad de Hansen. Una condición emergente en Chile]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Rev chil infectol.]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>35</volume>
<page-range>722-8</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B29">
<label>29</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sarno]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[EN]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Duppre]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[NC]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sales]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hacker]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nery]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Matos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[HJd.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Leprosy exposure, infection and disease: a 25-year surveillance study of leprosy patient contacts]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>107</volume>
<page-range>1054-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B30">
<label>30</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mehta]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vasanth]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Balachandran]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Conjugal leprosy: A rarity.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Dermatol Online J.]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>16</volume>
<page-range>15</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
