<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>2215-4582</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista Relaciones Internacionales]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Relac. Int.]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>2215-4582</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Nacional ]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S2215-45822024000200054</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15359/97-2.3</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Strategic Enhancement and Differential Governance: China&#8217;s Partnership Diplomacy in Latin America]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Mejora Estratégica y Gobernanza Diferencial: Diplomacia de Asociación de China en América Latina]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zhang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Xinyu]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Sun Yat-sen University Researcher at the Center for Latin American Studies Chinese Academy of Social Sciences]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>China</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2024</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2024</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>97</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<fpage>54</fpage>
<lpage>75</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S2215-45822024000200054&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S2215-45822024000200054&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S2215-45822024000200054&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract: This paper studies China&#8217;s partnership diplomacy and its practice in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC). China has constructed an all-round, multi-level, and three-dimensional partnership network in LAC through three stages: strategic exploration, development, and improvement. China has implemented differential governance towards its partners, which enables active shaping and dynamic management of the partnership network. This paper categorizes the 15 partner countries into three types: pivot countries, link countries, and node countries based on their political friendliness with China, geopolitical influence, and potential for economic and trade cooperation. China&#8217;s partnerships in LAC are vital support for implementing its diplomatic strategy in the region. However, challenges to this strategy&#8217;s development include insufficient mutual support from other diplomatic means, doubts and misinterpretations of the China-Latin America partnership by some Latin American countries, and the political and identity shifts within these countries. To enhance the role of partnerships in maintaining state relations and promoting the implementation of diplomatic strategies, China has introduced new content to its partnership diplomacy in LAC.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen: Este artículo estudia la diplomacia de asociación de China y su práctica en América Latina y el caribe (LAC, siglas en inglés). Después de tres etapas de exploración estratégica, desarrollo y mejora, China ha construido una red integral, multi-nivel y tridimensional de asociaciones en LAC. De acuerdo con el grado de amistad política, la influencia geopolítica y el potencial de cooperación económica y comercial de los 15 países asociados con china, este artículo los divide en tres categorías: países de pivote, países de vínculo y países nodales. Las asociaciones de China en LAC son apoyos importantes para que China implemente estrategias diplomáticas en la región. Sin embargo, su desarrollo también enfrenta desafíos, incluido el apoyo insuficiente con otros medios diplomáticos; dudas e interpretaciones erróneas de las relaciones asociativas; y la transformación de identidad nacional de algunos países asociados. Con el fin de fortalecer el papel de las asociaciones en el mantenimiento de las relaciones nacionales y promover la implementación de las estrategias diplomáticas, China ha agregado nuevos contenidos a la diplomacia de asociación en LAC.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Chinese diplomacy]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[China-Latin America relations]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[cooperation]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[governance]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Latin America and the Caribbean]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[partnership]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[strategic alliance]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[América Latina y el Caribe]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[asociación estratégica]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[cooperación]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[diplomacia china]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[gobernanza]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[relaciones sino-latinoamericanas]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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