<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>2215-4582</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista Relaciones Internacionales]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Relac. Int.]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>2215-4582</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Nacional ]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S2215-45822022000100127</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15359/ri.95/1.5</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[La elección de un candidato extremista: ¿anómalo o normal? La llegada de Donald Trump a la Casa Blanca en 2016]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[The election of a Fringe Candidate: Anomalous or Normal? The Arrival of Donald Trump to the White House in 2016]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Álvarez del Castillo Calderón]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Carlos]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Santacruz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Arturo]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Instituto Tecnológico de Estudios Superiores Programas Internacionales de Preparatoria-Guadalajara ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de Guadalajara Departamento de Estudios del Pacífico ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2022</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2022</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>95</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<fpage>127</fpage>
<lpage>146</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S2215-45822022000100127&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S2215-45822022000100127&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S2215-45822022000100127&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[RESUMEN La exitosa candidatura electoral de Donald Trump en 2016 fue una sorpresa tanto para el público como para los grupos expertos. Poco después de la inesperada elección, la sabiduría popular se decidió por una explicación: que la victoria de Trump estaba vinculada a los estadounidenses que se sentían rezagados por la globalización. La sabiduría popular proporcionó respuestas rápidas y directas, lo que la hicieron ganar tracción tanto en la prensa como en las redes sociales y la bibliografía especializada. Sin embargo, estas respuestas eran incompletas. El principal de los elementos que faltaban en la explicación improvisada era la radicalización del partido republicano. Para comprender cómo la transformación del Partido Republicano resultó en la elección del presidente Trump y su política exterior, este artículo analizará el caso a través de lentes constructivistas. Según esta perspectiva, la identidad juega un papel crucial tanto en la política nacional como en la internacional. Al proporcionar un análisis de la identidad estadounidense y especialmente de la identidad del Partido Republicano, el constructivismo proporciona un conocimiento útil en la interpretación tanto de la elección de Trump como de la política exterior de su administración. Se argumenta que lo que realmente explica la victoria de Trump en el colegio electoral en el proceso electoral de noviembre de 2016 (perdió el voto popular por alrededor de tres millones de votos) son factores relacionados con las ideas y con la identidad, no con su personalidad o con los argumentos relacionados con la globalización en los que se centra la sabiduría convencional.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[ABSTRACT Donald Trump's 2016 successful electoral bid came as a surprise both to the public and pundits. Soon after the upset election, conventional wisdom settled on an explanation: that Trump's victory was linked to Americans that felt left behind by globalization and the current political establishment. Conventional wisdom provided quick and straightforward answers. Nevertheless, these answers were incomplete. Chief among the missing elements of the improvised explanation was the radicalization of the Republican party. To fully understand how the transformation of the Republican Party resulted in President Trump's election and his foreign policy, this article will analyze the case through constructivist lenses. According to this perspective, identity plays a crucial role in both domestic and international politics. By providing an analysis of American identity and especially of the identity of the Republican Party, constructivism provides useful knowledge in the interpretation of both Trump's election and his administration's foreign policy. We argue that what really explains Trump victory in the electoral college in the November 2016 electoral process (he lost the popular vote by about three million votes) are ideational, identity-related factors-not his personality or the globalization-related arguments conventional wisdom focuses on.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Constructivismo]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Donald Trump]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Estados Unidos]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[elecciones nacionales]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[identidad]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Partido Republicano]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Constructivism]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Donald Trump]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[identity]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[national elections]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Republican Party]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[United States]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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