<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>2215-454X</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista Espiga]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Espiga]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>2215-454X</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Estatal a Distancia (UNED)]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S2215-454X2022000200151</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22458/re.v21i44.4466</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Carteles de Estados Unidos de América y la Alemania nazi en 1942: propaganda y guerra]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Billboards of the United States of America and Nazi Germany in 1942: Propaganda and War]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="fr"><![CDATA[Les affiches des États-Unis et l&#8217;Allemagne nazi en 1942: la propagande et la guerre]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ortiz-Arellano]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Edgar]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Anáhuac México,  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2022</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2022</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>21</volume>
<numero>44</numero>
<fpage>151</fpage>
<lpage>173</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S2215-454X2022000200151&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S2215-454X2022000200151&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S2215-454X2022000200151&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen Durante la Segundad Guerra Mundial, en el contexto de la confrontación bélica entre el nacional socialismo alemán y la democracia liberal de Estados Unidos de América (EE. UU.), la propaganda fue fundamental para transmitir mensajes que inspiraran a la población de los países en conflicto. Los carteles fueron instrumentos idóneos para promover el reclutamiento de soldados para sus ejércitos, sostener el esfuerzo de guerra e identificar con claridad a los enemigos. Este artículo aborda los casos de EE. UU. y de la Alemania nazi, con el objetivo de analizar los carteles de 1942, su relación con la textualidad y la difusión de sus intereses ideológicos relacionados con la acción bélica. Se concluye que existen similitudes en ambos casos en los tipos raciales usados en las imágenes, así como el rol protagónico de los textos que se encuentran en los carteles.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract During World War II, in the context of the war confrontation between German National Socialism and the liberal democracy of the United States of America (USA), propaganda was instrumental in conveying messages that inspired the population of those countries in conflict. Billboards were ideal instruments to promote the recruitment of soldiers to their armies, sustain the war effort and clearly identify enemies. This article addresses the cases of the US and Nazi Germany, with the aim of analyzing the billboards from 1942, their connection with textuality and the dissemination of their ideological interests related to war action. It is concluded that there are similarities in both cases in the racial types used in the images, as well as the leading role of the texts found in the billboards.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="fr"><p><![CDATA[Résumé Pendant la Deuxième Guerre Mondiale, dans le contexte de la confrontation belliqueuse entre le national-socialisme allemand et la démocratie libérale des Etats-Unis, la propagande a été fondamentale pour transmettre les messages qui ont inspiré la population des pays en conflit. Les affiches ont été les instruments appropriés pour promouvoir le recrutement des soldats pour leurs armées, pour appuyer la guerre ainsi qu&#8217;identifier avec clarté les ennemis. Cet article traite les cas des États-Unis et de l&#8217;Allemagne nazi et il vise à analyser les affiches de 1942 en relation avec le texte et la diffusion de leurs intérêts idéologiques en rapport à la guerre. On a conclu qu&#8217;il y a des similitudes entre les deux cas, notamment en qui concerne les formes raciales utilisés dans les images ainsi que le rôle prépondérant des textes qui se trouvent dans les affiches.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Ideology]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[mass communication]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[racism, images]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[World War II]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="fr"><![CDATA[Idéologie]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="fr"><![CDATA[communication de masse]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="fr"><![CDATA[racisme]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="fr"><![CDATA[images]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="fr"><![CDATA[Deuxième Guerre Mondiale]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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