<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>2215-4175</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Anuario de Estudios Centroamericanos]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Anuario de Estudios Centroamericanos]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>2215-4175</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad de Costa Rica]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S2215-41752021000200366</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15517/aeca.v47i0.50635</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Heroísmo profesional: La construcción de un panteón de héroes en Panamá (1903-1931)]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Heroísmo profesional: La construcción de un panteón de héroes en Panamá (1903-1931)]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[de La Guardia Wald]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Rolando]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,University of Panama  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Panamá</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2021</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2021</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>47</volume>
<fpage>366</fpage>
<lpage>418</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S2215-41752021000200366&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S2215-41752021000200366&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S2215-41752021000200366&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract This article focuses on how Panamanian intellectuals and politicians searched into colonial and nineteenth century regional history for elements that could help them construct narratives, produce a new historiography, and create symbols that differentiated Panama from Colombia. This served to justify the separation of 1903, through the writing of a new national history. In addition, this article focuses on the creation of a pantheon of national heroes. The article argues that the celebration of the deeds and lives of the men chosen to enter such a pantheon of heroes intended to promote civic nationalism. Hence, most of the men chosen were civilians, not military men, who, allegedly, used their professional skills to bring progress to the nation in a peaceful manner.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen Este artículo hace hincapié en cómo los intelectuales y políticos panameños utilizaron la historia local de la era colonial y del siglo XIX para encontrar elementos que pudieran ayudarles a construir narrativas, producir una nueva historiografía y crear símbolos que diferenciaran a Panamá de Colombia. Esto sirvió para justificar la independencia de la República de Panamá en 1903, a través de la escritura de una nueva historia nacional. El artículo arguye que la celebración de los hechos y vidas de los hombres escogidos para entrar en el panteón de héroes apuntaba a promover un nacionalismo cívico. Por ello, la mayoría de los elegidos fueron civiles, no militares, quienes, supuestamente, usaron sus habilidades profesionales para traer progreso a la nación de una manera pacífica. En resumen, el artículo establece que la historiografía creada en Panamá para presentar dicha nación moderna y civilizada resultó en la formación de un panteón de &#8220;héroes profesionales&#8221;.]]></p></abstract>
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<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Panama]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[historiography]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[heroism]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[national identity]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[nation]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Panamá]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[historiografía]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[heroísmo]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[identidad nacional]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[nación]]></kwd>
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