<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>2215-4175</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Anuario de Estudios Centroamericanos]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Anuario de Estudios Centroamericanos]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>2215-4175</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad de Costa Rica]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S2215-41752018000100247</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15517/aeca.v44i0.34583</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[La formación del Estado en Nicaragua y Costa Rica en perspectiva comparada: Siglos XIX-XX]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[The formation of Nicaraguan and Costa Rican States in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries: A comparative approach]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ortega Acuña]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Víctor H.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de Costa Rica  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Costa Rica</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2018</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2018</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>44</volume>
<fpage>247</fpage>
<lpage>285</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S2215-41752018000100247&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S2215-41752018000100247&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S2215-41752018000100247&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen Este ensayo de periodización, síntesis e interpretación históricas analiza la formación del Estado en Nicaragua y Costa Rica en los siglos XIX y XX, desde una perspectiva comparativa. Postula que los procesos de centralización estatal son resultado, en primera y en última instancia, de conflictos y negociaciones entre múltiples actores en la esfera política y en la arena militar. Su tesis principal es que, en la larga duración, la formación del Estado en Costa Rica ha sido un proceso acumulativo; mientras que en Nicaragua se trata de un proceso abortado repetidas veces. Se proponen algunas hipótesis para explicar esa trayectoria divergente de estos Estados, en el marco de sus historias conectadas o entrecruzadas.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract This essay proposes a comparative analysis of the formation of Nicaraguan and Costa Rican states during the Nineteenth and Twentieth centuries and it singles out the main historical periods of these processes. It puts forward that state formation is above all the result of conflicts and negotiations among different actors in the polity and in the military arena. Its main thesis is that, in the longue durée, the Costa Rican state formation has been cumulative and, on the contrary, in Nicaragua this process has been, again and again, incomplete. It elaborates some hypothesis in order to explain that opposite evolution of these states in the context of their connected or crossed histories.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Estado]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Nación]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Régimen político]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Nicaragua]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Costa Rica]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Historia comparada]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[State]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Nation]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Political Regime]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Nicaragua]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Costa Rica]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Comparative History.]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
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