<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>2215-4175</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Anuario de Estudios Centroamericanos]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Anuario de Estudios Centroamericanos]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>2215-4175</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad de Costa Rica]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S2215-41752017000100037</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15517/aeca.v43i0.31549</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[La transnacionalización de los grupos empresariales diversificados y el rostro cambiante de las élites económicas centroamericanas]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[The transnationalization of diversified business groups and the changing face of central american economic elites]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bull]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Benedicte]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kasahara]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Yuri]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de Oslo  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Norway</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de Oslo  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Norway</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2017</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2017</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>43</volume>
<fpage>37</fpage>
<lpage>69</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S2215-41752017000100037&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S2215-41752017000100037&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S2215-41752017000100037&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen Este artículo presenta resultados de un estudio sobre las estrategias de los Grupos Empresariales Diversificados (GED) centroamericanos en frente a la globalización. Busca comprender cómo estos han cambiado en el proceso de integración económica en términos de su expansión al exterior, los sectores enfocados y su integración con las compañías transnacionales. Se plantea que, en general, los GED han cedido espacio para las grandes Compañías Transnacionales, a despecho de importantes excepciones y surgimiento de nuevos grupos. Sin embargo, mantienen su influenza por medio de sus redes de contactos nacionales y internacionales.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract This article presents the results of study about the strategies of Central American diversified business groups (DBG) regarding globalization. It searches to understand how they have changed during the process of economic integration in terms of their internationalization, sectoral focus and integration with transnational companies. We argue that, in general, the DBG had lost terrain to transnational companies, despite important exception and the rise of new groups. However, they still maintain their influence through their contact networks at both the national and international level.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Grupos empresariales diversificados]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[élites económicas]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[transnacionalización]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Centroamérica]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Diversified business groups]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[economic elites]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[transnationalization]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Central America]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bull]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Benedicte]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Aid, Power, and Privatization: The Politics of Telecommunication Reform in Central America]]></source>
<year>2005</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Cheltenham, UK ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Edward Elgar]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bull]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Benedicte]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Changing elites, institutions and environmental governance]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[ENGOV Working Paper]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>4</volume>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bull]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Benedicte]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Diversified Business Groups and the Transnationalisation of the Salvadorean Economy]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Latin American Studies]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>45</volume>
<numero>02</numero>
<issue>02</issue>
<page-range>265-95</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bull]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Benedicte]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[El empresariado Salvadoreño frente al cambio climático]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[San Salvador ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Fundación Prisma]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bull]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Benedicte]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Castellacci]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kasahara]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Business groups and transnational capitalism in Central America: Economic, political and environmental strategies]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Basingstoke ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Palgrave Macmillan]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bulmer-Thomas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Victor]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[The political economy of Central America since 1920]]></source>
<year>1987</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Cambridge ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Cambridge University Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Camp]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Roderic A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Mexico&#8217;s Mandarins: Crafting a Power Elite for the Twenty-first Century]]></source>
<year>2002</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Berkeley ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[University of California]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Carney]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Michael]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gedaljovic]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Eric]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The Co-evolution of Institutional Environments and Organizational Strategies: The Rise of Family Business Groups in the Asean Region]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Organization Studies]]></source>
<year>2002</year>
<volume>23</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>1-29</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Carney]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Michael]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Eric]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Gedajlovic]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Xiaohua]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Yang]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Varieties of Asian capitalism: Toward an institutional theory of Asian enterprise]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Asia Pacific Journal of Management]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<volume>26</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>361-80</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Carney]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Michael]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Eric]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Gedajlovic]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pursey]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[A. R.]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Heugens]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Business group affiliation, performance, context and strategy: a meta-analysis]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Academy of Management Journal]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>54</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>437-60</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Casanova]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Lourdes]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Global Latinas: Latin America&#8217;s Emerging Multinationals, the New Latin American Jaguars]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Basingstoke ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Palgrave Macmillan]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cuervo-Cazurra]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Alvaro]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Multilatinas]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Universia Business Review]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>25</volume>
<page-range>14-33</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dicken]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Peter]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Global Shift: Reshaping the global economic map in the 21st century]]></source>
<year>2004</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[London ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Sage]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dosal]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Paul J]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Power in transition: The rise of Guatemala&#8217;s industrial oligarchy, 1871-1994]]></source>
<year>1995</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Westport ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Praeger]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Galetti]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Pablo]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[¿Que significa ahora la burguesía nacional?]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Realidad Económica]]></source>
<year>2004</year>
<volume>201</volume>
<page-range>24-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Guillen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Mauro F]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Groups in Emerging Economies: A Resource-Based View]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[The Academy of Management Journal]]></source>
<year>2000</year>
<volume>43</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>363-80</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Euraque]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Dario]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Los árabes de Honduras: entre la inmigración, la acumulación y la política]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hauser]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Karim]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gil]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Daniel]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Contribuciones árabes a las identidades iberoamericanas]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<page-range>233-86</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Madrid ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Casa Árabe]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Evans]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Peter]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Dependent Development: The Alliance of multinational, state and local capital in Brazil]]></source>
<year>1979</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Princeton ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Princeton University Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ferris]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Stephen P]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The costs (and benefits?) of diversified business groups: The case of Korean chaebols]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Banking &amp; Finance]]></source>
<year>2003</year>
<volume>27</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>251-73</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fogel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Kathy]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Oligarchic Family Control, Social Economic Outcomes, and the Quality of Government]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Business Studies]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<volume>37</volume>
<numero>5</numero>
<issue>5</issue>
<page-range>603-22</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B21">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Foroohar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Manzar]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Palestinians in Central AMeric: From Temporary Emigrants to a Permanent Diaspora]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Palestine Studies]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>40</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>6-22</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B22">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Joignant]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Alfredo]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Güell]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Pedro]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Notables, tecnócratas y mandarines: Elementos de sociología de las élites en Chile (1990-2010)]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Santiago ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Ediciones Universidad Diego Portales]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B23">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kasahara]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Yuri]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Should I stay or should I go? A comparative study of banking sector policies and the strategies of Central American business groups]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Business and Politics]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>14</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>1-43</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B24">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Khanna]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Tarun]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Palepu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Krishna G.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Why focused strategies may be wrong for emerging markets]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Harvard Business Review]]></source>
<year>1997</year>
<volume>75</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>41-51</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B25">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Khanna]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Tarun]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yishay]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Yafeh]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Business groups in emerging markets: paragons or parasites?]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Economic Literature]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
<volume>45</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>331-72</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B26">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Leff]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Nathaniel H]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Industrial Organization and Entrepreneurship in Developing Countries: The Economic Groups]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Economic Development and Cultural Change]]></source>
<year>1978</year>
<volume>26</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>661-75</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B27">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lipset]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Seymour M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Aldo E.]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Solari]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Elites in Latin America]]></source>
<year>1967</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Oxford ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Oxford University Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B28">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mintz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Beth]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Michael]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Schwartz]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[The Power Structure of American Business]]></source>
<year>1985</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Chicago ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[University of Chicago Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B29">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Montecinos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Veroniaca]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Economists in Political and Policy Elites in Latin America]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[History of Political Economy]]></source>
<year>1996</year>
<volume>28</volume>
<numero>5</numero>
<issue>5</issue>
<page-range>279-300</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B30">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Morck]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Randall]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bernard]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Yeung]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Family Control and the Rent-Seeking Society]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Entrepreneurship: Theory and Practice]]></source>
<year>2004</year>
<volume>28</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>391-409</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B31">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Paige]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Jeffery M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Coffee and Power: Revolution and the Rise of Democracy in Central America]]></source>
<year>1997</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Cambridge ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Harvard University Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B32">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rajan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Raghuram]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The Cost of Diversity: The Diversification, Discount and Inefficient Investment]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[The Journal of Finance]]></source>
<year>2000</year>
<volume>55</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>35-80</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B33">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rajan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Raghuram]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Luigi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Zingales]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Saving Capitalism from the Capitalists]]></source>
<year>2004</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Princeton ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Princeton University Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B34">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Fusiones y adquisiciones en la región]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista Summa]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<page-range>2-10</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B35">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Fusiones y adquisiciones]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista Summa]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<page-range>22-5</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B36">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Semestre dinámico]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista Summa]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<page-range>60-3</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B37">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Actividad en ebulición]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista Summa]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<page-range>52-4</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B38">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[M&amp;A en movimiento]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista Summa]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<page-range>22-4</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B39">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Robinson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Wiliam]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Transnational conflicts: Central America, social change, and globalization]]></source>
<year>2003</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[London ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Verso]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B40">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Robinson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Wiliam]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Global Capitalism Theory and the Emergence of Transnational Elites]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Critical Sociology]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>38</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>349-63</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B41">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rovira-Kaltwasser]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Cristobal]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Hacia una sociología histórica sobre las elites en América Latina: un diálogo crítico con la teoría de Pierre Bourdieu]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Joignant]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Alfredo]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Güell]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Pedro]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Notables, tecnócratas y mandarines: Elementos de sociología de las élites en Chile (1990-2010)]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<page-range>219-39</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Santiago ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Ediciones Universidad Diego Portales]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B42">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Scharfstein]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[David S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jeremy C.]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Stein]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The Dark Side of Internal Capital Markets: Divisional Rent-Seeking and Inefficient Investment]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[The Journal of Finance]]></source>
<year>2000</year>
<volume>55</volume>
<numero>6</numero>
<issue>6</issue>
<page-range>2537-64</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B43">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Schneider]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ben Ross]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Economic Liberalization and Corporate Governance: The Resilience of Business Groups in Latin America]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Comparative Politics]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<volume>40</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>1-24</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B44">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Schneider]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ben Ross]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Hierarchical Capitalism in Latin America: Business, Labor, and the Challenges of Equitable Development]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Cambridge ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Cambridge University Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B45">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Segovia]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Alexander]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Centroamérica después del café: el fin del modelo agroexportador tradicional y el surgimiento de un nuevo modelo]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista Centroamericana de Ciencias Sociales]]></source>
<year>2003</year>
<volume>½</volume>
<page-range>5-38</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B46">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Segovia]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Alexander]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Integración real y grupos de poder económico en América Central: Implicaciones para el desarrollo y la democracia de la región]]></source>
<year>2005</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[San José ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Fundación Friedrich Ebert América Central]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B47">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Strachan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Harry W]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Family and Other Business Groups in Economic Development: The Case of Nicaragua]]></source>
<year>1976</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[New York ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Praeger]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B48">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zimbalist]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Andrew]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[John]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Weeks]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Panama at the Crossroads: Economic development and political change in the twentieth century]]></source>
<year>1991</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Berkeley ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[University of California Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
