<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>2215-3896</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista de Ciencias Ambientales]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Ciencias Ambientales]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>2215-3896</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Nacional]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S2215-38962022000100157</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15359/rca.56/1.8</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Propuestas de reducción de emisiones de carbono negro para fuentes móviles en Costa Rica]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Proposals to reduce black carbon emissions for mobile sources in Costa Rica]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alvarado-Jiménez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Daniela]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Herrera-Murillo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Jorge]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rojas-Marín]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[José Félix]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[González-Rodríguez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Manuel]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Nacional Escuela de Ciencias Ambientales ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Costa Rica</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Nacional Laboratorio de Analisis Ambiental Escuela de Ciencias Ambientales]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Costa Rica</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Nacional Laboratorio de Analisis Ambiental Escuela de Ciencias Ambientales]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Costa Rica</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af4">
<institution><![CDATA[,Instituto de Normas Tecnicas de Costa Rica  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Costa Rica</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2022</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2022</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>56</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<fpage>157</fpage>
<lpage>177</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S2215-38962022000100157&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S2215-38962022000100157&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S2215-38962022000100157&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen  (Introducción):  Las fuentes móviles, tanto a nivel mundial como nacional, juegan un papel crítico en la generación de emisiones de carbono negro, forzador climático de vida corta que produce un gran impacto en el clima.  (Objetivo):  Se proponen soluciones que permitan la mitigación de las emisiones de carbono negro, generadas por el sector transporte, dentro de un marco de viabilidad económica y técnica.  (Metodología):  Se modelaron las emisiones generadas por las fuentes móviles, tomando como año base 2016, para lo cual se utilizó el software Copert 5.2. Posteriormente, se establecieron escenarios de oportunidades de reducción, los cuales fueron evaluados tomando en cuenta su potencial de disminución, la concordancia con las políticas públicas y el costo de la tecnología.  (Resultados):  Las fuentes móviles emitieron 471.9 toneladas de carbono negro a la atmósfera durante el 2016, lo que equivale a 217 031.7 y 707 712.2 toneladas de CO2e (tomando como potencial de calentamiento global 460 y 1 500, respectivamente). Se propone el uso de combustibles bajos en emisiones, la incorporación de vehículos eléctricos y las mejoras tecnológicas en el sistema del motor para reducir las emisiones de escape.  (Conclusiones):  Las medidas de mitigación de emisiones que poseen mayor factibilidad son las relacionadas con la incorporación de combustibles bajos en emisiones, como el biodiésel y el diésel bajo en azufre. Resulta de vital importancia incluir acciones concretas para la reducción de las emisiones de carbono negro dentro de las políticas nacionales de cambio climático, pues la reducción de estas tiene impactos positivos a corto plazo.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract  (Introduction): Mobile sources, both globally and nationally, play a critical role in the generation of black carbon emissions, a short-lived climate forcer that has a great impact on the climate.  (Objective): Solutions are proposed that allow the mitigation of black carbon emissions generated by the transport sector within a framework of economic and technical feasibility.  (Methodology): The emissions generated by mobile sources were modeled, taking 2016 as the base year, for which the Copert 5.2 software was used. Subsequently, scenarios of reduction opportunities were established, which were evaluated considering their reduction potential, the concordance with public policies and the cost of the technology.  (Results): Mobile sources emitted 471.9 tons of black carbon into the atmosphere during 2016, which is equivalent to 217 031.7 and 707 712.2 tons of CO2e (taking 460 and 1 500 as global warming potential, respectively). It is proposed: the use of low-emission fuels, the incorporation of electric vehicles and technological improvements in the engine system to reduce exhaust emissions.  (Conclusions): The most feasible emission mitigation measures are those related to the incorporation of low-emission fuels, such as biodiesel and low-sulfur diesel. It is vitally important to include concrete actions for the reduction of black carbon emissions within national climate change policies, since their reduction has positive impacts in the short term.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[combustibles]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[cambio climático]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[contaminantes climáticos de vida corta]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[emisiones]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[mitigación.]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[fuels]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[climate change]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[short-lived climate pollutants]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[emissions]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[mitigation.]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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